Photosynthesis Prologue

glucose

Molecule that must be converted into ATP and cannot be used directly

starch

Energy storage molecule in plants

glycogen

Energy storage molecule in animals

phosphate

To create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a negatively charged functional group called ? is attached to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Kinases

enzymes that phosphorylates things

phosphorylate

to attach a phosphate group to

• typically attaches to a protein

Oxidative Phosphorylation

making ATP during cellular respiration

• Oxidative Part: NAD+ / FADH

• Phosphorylation Part: P_i + ADP → ATP

Substrate level phosphorylation

physical transfer of free phosphate from substrate to ADP to make ATP

• glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Calvin Cycle

Chemiosmostic Phosphorylation

ATP synthesized indirectly via a proton (H+) gradient created by the Electron Transport Chain

• uses ATP Synthase