IGCSE Geography MIGRATION

Migration

The movement from one location to another location

Internal Migration

Migration within a country e.g. Birmingham to London

International Migration

Migration between countries e.g. Mexico to US

Temporary Migration

Migration for a limited period

Permanent Migration

Migration with the intention of staying forever

Forced Migration

When people are forced to migrate, often because their life is in danger.

What is Voluntary Migration?

When people freely choose to migrate e.g. education

Economic Migration

Migration for work e.g. better salary or promotion

Seasonal Migration

Migration just for a particular season e.g. the ski season or the harvesting season

Daily migration

Movement from home to workplace and vice versa. AKA Commuting

Rural-urban migration

It is the movement of people from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (cities)

Emigrant

A person who leaves a country to migrate to another

Immigrant

A migrant arriving in a new country

Migration balance

the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants

Migration Loss

More people are leaving an area or country than arriving

Net migration gain

A country receiving more people through immigration than losing through emigration

Refugee

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster

Asylum seeker

Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

Illegal immigrant

Someone who has moved to their destination country without going through any legal procedures

Counterurbanization

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

Regional Migration

Migration on a smaller scale WITHIN a country

Brain gain

large-scale immigration by talented people

Brain Drain

the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country.

Pull factors

Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas

Push factors

Incentives for potential migrants to leave a place, such as a harsh climate, economic recession, or political turmoil.