Summer Packet

Washington

Olympia

Oregon

Salem

California

Sacramento

Nevada

Carson City

Idaho

Boise

Utah

Salt Lake City

Arizona

Pheonix

New Mexico

Santa Fe

Montana

Helena

Wyoming

Cheyenne

Colorado

Denver

North Dakota

Bismarck

South Dakota

Pierre

Nebraska

Lincoln

Kansas

Topeka

Oklahoma

Oklahoma City

Texas

Austin

Minnesota

St. Paul

Iowa

Des Moines

Missouri

Jefferson City

Arkansas

Little Rock

Louisiana

Baton Rouge

Wisconsin

Madison

Michigan

Lansing

Illinois

Springfield

Mississippi

Jackson

Indiana

Indianapolis

Kentucky

Frankfurt

Tennessee

Nashville

Alabama

Montgomery

Ohio

Columbus

West Virginia

Charleston

Maine

Augusta

New Hampshire

Concord

Vermont

Montpelier

Massachusetts

Boston

Rhode Island

Providence

Connecticut

Hartford

New York

Albany

Pennsylvania

Harrisburg

New Jersey

Trenton

Delaware

Dover

Maryland

Anapolis

Virginia

Richmond

North Carolina

Raleigh

South Carolina

Columbia

Georgia

Atlanta

Florida

Tallahassee

Alaska

Juneau

Hawaii

Honolulu

1st

freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, petition

1791

2nd

right to bear arms

1791

3rd

dont have to house soldiers

1791

4th

no unreasonable search and seizure

1791

5th

no double jeopardy, no being forced to testify against yourself

1791

6th

right to speedy and public trial

1791

7th

right to jury trial for civil matters greater than $20

1791

8th

no cruel and unusual punishment

1791

9th

there are other rights not stated in the consistution

1792

10th

non-federal rights are given to the states and people

1791

11th

no suing states in federal courts

1795

12th

separate ballots for pres and vp

1804

13th

no slavery

1865

14th

born or naturalized in us are us citizens

1868

15th

no voting discrimination

1870

16th

income tax

1913

17th

popular election of us senators

1913

18th

no alcohol (prohibition)

1919

19th

women can vote

1920

20th

presidential office assumed jan 20th

1933

21st

no prohibition

1933

22nd

two term limit to the presidency

1951

23rd

D.C. residents can vote for us president

1961

24th

prohibits Congress & states from conditioning right to vote in federal elections via a poll tax

1964

25th

rules for pres if death or resignation

1967

26th

18+ can vote

1971

27th

no pay raise for Congresspeople until next term

1992

Marbury v Madison (1803)

Supreme Court can decide constitutionality of laws

Chief Justice John Marshall, Pres. Thomas Jefferson

Fletcher v Peck (1810)

Georgia repealed sale of 35 million acres of land was ruled binding

Chief Justice John Marshall, Pres. James Madison

Dartmouth College Case (1819)

New Hampshire laws couldn’t interfere w/ Dartmouth, a contract from King George III —- protection of business from government

Chief Justice John Marshall, Pres. James Monroe

McCulloch v Maryland (1819)

Maryland forbidden from taxing US Bank notes (important for establishing imolied powers & supporting the constitutional Bank)

Chief Justice John Marshall, Pres. James Monroe

Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

US Congress can control interstate commerce

Chief Justice John Marshall, Pres. John Q. Adams

Worcester v Georgia (1832)

Georgia had no right to arrest in Cherokee territory (decision unsupported by Pres Jackson)

Chief Justice John Marshall, Pres. Andrew Jackson

Commonwealth v Hunt (1842)

labor unions ruled to be legal and peaceful —> legal strikes

Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw, Pres. John Tyler

Dred Scott v Sanford (1857)

Dred Scott, former slave who sued for freedom, ruled to be property; case negated Missouri compromise

Chief Justice Roger Taney, Pres. James Buchanan

Ex parte Merryman (1861)

Lincoln’s suspension of Habeas Corpus (requiring a trial for an arrested person) ruled constitutional

Chief Justice Roger Taney, Pres. Abraham Lincoln

Munn v. Illinois (1877)

states could regulate businesses and railroads within their border

Chief Justice Morrison Waite, Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes

Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Company v. Illionis (Wabash Case) (1886)

states couldn’t regulate interstate commerce

Chief Justice Morrison Waite, Pres. Grover Cleveland

Pollock v the Farmers’ Loan and Trust Co. (1895)

struck down the income tax imposed by the Wilson–Gorman Tariff Act for being an unapportioned direct tax, led to the federal income tax (16th amendment)

Chief Justice Melville Fuller, Pres. Grover Cleveland

US v E.C. Knight Swift & Company (1895)

limited US government power to pursue antitrust actions via the Sherman Act

Chief Justice Melville Fuller, Pres. Grover Cleveland

Plessy v Ferguson (1896)

“separate but equal”

Chief Justice Melville Fuller, Pres. Grover Cleveland

Downes v Bidwell (“Insular Cases”) (1901)

US constitution has no bearing on territories, but different laws could be made

Chief Justice Melville Fuller, Pres. Teddy Roosevelt

Northern Securities Co. v US (1904)

ruling against a large northern railroad monopoly & dissolved Northern Securities Company, emphasized power of Sherman Antitrust Act

Chief Justice Melville Fuller, Pres. Teddy Roosevelt

Lochner v New York (1905)

overruled laws that limited the number of hours a day employees in NY bakeries

Chief Justice Melville Fuller, Pres. Teddy Roosevelt

Muller v Oregon (1908)

limited working hours for women and put in place restrictions on labor legislation

Chief Justice Melville Fuller, Pres. Teddy Roosevelt

Hammer v Dagenhart (1918)

invalidated child labor laws and preserved states’ rights over interstate commerce — impact on federal regulation

Chief Justice Edward White, Pres. Woodrow Wilson

Schenck v United States (1919)

supported the imprisonment of an anti-draft vocalizer, stated that limitation of free speech is necessary if speech had a clear and present danger

Chief Justice Edward White, Pres. Woodrow Wilson

Schecter v US (1936)

struck down New Deal's industry regulations, limited federal authority over intrastate commerce — influenced constitutional interpretation

Chief Justice Charles Hughes, Pres. FDR

US v Butler (1936)

Agricultural Adjustment Act ruled unconstitutional —> federal taxation and spending powers, impact on New Deal

Chief Justice Charles Hughes, Pres. FDR

Korematsu v US (1941)

upheld constitutionality of Japanese relocation to concentration camps (later seen as violation of civil rights)

Chief Justice Harlan F. Stone, Pres. FDR