BUILDING UTILITIES 1

Plumbing

Art and science of creating and maintaining sanitary conditions in buildings used by humans

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Plumbing

Art and science of installing, repairing, and servicing the pipes, fixtures, and appurtenances necessary for bringing in water supply and removing liquid and water-borne wastes

Plumbing

Art and science of installing in bldgs the pipes, fixtures, and other appurtenancesfor bringing in the water supply and removing liquid and waterborne wastes

Plumbum

Plumbing is derivative of Latin word ___ - that refers to the common metallic element lead, a soft material which was widely used for piping and water channels esp. during Roman empire

Plumbarius

In the Roman times, a person who worked in the field of sanitation was called ___

Copper pipe

• Oldest artifact to have been unearthed — shows evidence of oldest known period of plumbing systems knowledge

• ~ 5,500 years old;

• Used in water system in the ruins of ancient palace in the Indus Valley

2500 BC

Egyptians used copper pipes in their irrigation and sewage systems during this period.

Babylon

Skillfully planned network of canals served as evidence of their knowledge of hydraulics

Crete

Inhabitants of ___ constructed freshwater cisterns that collected water for their everyday needs

Roman Empire

• massive developments in plumbing were incorporated during this era

• Aqueducts to supply houses w/water

• Underground public water supply

• Baths of Diocletian : 3,200 bathers at single time, w/ separate hot, cold, tepid baths

• Fall in A.D. 476, leading to plumbing quality’s decline

• Also a Tiktok term for smth u think abt a lot

Middle Ages

• people would dispose their wastes by hurling them onto the streets?!

• 1500s : type of water closet developed

• Mid-1800s : septic tanks

• 1860s : London modern sewerage system

[BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING]

[BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING]

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PLUMBING

Registered & Licensed Master Plumber

[abb.] RLMP

National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines

[abb.] NAMPAP

Water supply and distribution system

• [PLUMBING SYSTEM CATEGORY]

• Provides and distributes water to different parts of the bldg or structure.

• Incl.: water distributing pipes, control devices, equipment, and others

• either COLD WATER OR HOT WATER SYSTEM

Drainage system

• [PLUMBING SYSTEM CATEGORY]

• All piping within public/private premises which conveys sewage, rainwater , other wastes to point of disposal.

False

Drainage systems include the mains of public sewer systems or priv/public sewage treatments or disposal plants.

Sanitary Drainage and Vent Piping system

• [DRAINAGE SYSTEM CATEGORY]

• Installed by plumber to remove wastewater and waterborne wastes from plumbing fixtures and appliances

• Provides air circulation within drainage piping

Storm drainage system

• [DRAINAGE SYSTEM CATEGORY]

• system for removing storm water - rainwater, surface runoff, underground seepage from precipitation

Pipes

cylindrical conduits or conductors; wall thickness sufficient to receive a standard pipe used to convey water or liquid wastes

Fittings

• Standardized pre-fabricated components used to connect sections of pipes, equipment, fixtures, trims

• categorized as either WATER LINE or DRAINAGE

Fixture

Receptacle attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or wastes may be collected/obtained for ultimate into the plumbing system

Plumbing fixture trim

Water supply and drainage fitting installed on fixtures designed to control the flow of water into the fixture or area and flow of waste water from fixture to drainage sys.

Plumbing appurtenance

Prefab. assembly of component parts or a manufactured device or an on-the-job assembly of component parts that is adjunct to the basic piping system and plumbing fixtures that does not require additional water nor add’tl discharge load to a fixture or drainage system

Plumbing equipment

Assembly of mechanical or electrical components designed and manufactured to perform a purpose such as conveying water, pressuring water system, etc.

Plumbing appliance

Special class of plumbing fixture intended to perform a special function

Plumbing Accessories

Devices added in a plumbing facility that adds convenience, comfort, aesthetic or other purpose to the user

Valve

Device used to control, regulate, divert flow, pressure, heat of liquid, fluid, or gas in a plumbing system

plumbing trap

Fitting or device designed and constructed to provide a liquid seam which prevents backflow and passage of foul air and gases without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it

[Parts of a Typical Water Supply and Distribution System]

[Typical Sanitary Drainage and Ventilation System]

[Typical Storm Drainage System]

Water distributing pipe

[part of water supply system]

Conveys potable water from building supply pipe to the plumbing fixtures/water outlets

Air break

Physical separation between a waste pipe and an indirect waste receptor or device indirectly connected

Air gap

Unobstructed vertical distance through free atmosphere between outlet of a faucet and flood level rim of the fixture or receptacle

Angle valve

Valve in which inlet and outlet openings are at 90° to one another

Backflow

Flow of water or wastewater in pipes in a reverse direction from that normally intended

Back pressure

Pressure within sanitary drainage system or vent piping system that is greater than atmospheric pressure

>14.7psi

Atmospheric pressure

Back siphonage

Flowing by negative pressure of contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture into a potable water system

Backwater valve

Device installed in piping to prevent the reverse flow of storm or sewage into the drainage system or branches

Ball valve

Flow of liquid controlled by a rotating drilled ball that fits tightly against a resilient (flexible) seat in the valve body

Battery of fixtures

Group or two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch

Bell

End portion of pipe for a short distance is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe (may be same diameter for purose of making a joint)

• also called a HUB

Bibb

A term synonymous with faucet, cock, plug, tap, spigot

Branch

Part of piping system other than the main, riser or stack

Branch interval

Vertical length of soil or waste stack at least 8 feet in height within horizontal branches from one storey or floor of building or structure connected to stack

Building drain

Lowest horizontal piping of plumbing system which receives discharge from soil, waste, and other drainage pipes inside bldg and conveys it to the building sewer/house sewer

house drain

Other term for building drain

Building sewer

Lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives discharge from soil, waste, and other drainage pipes inside a bldg and conveys its discharge to public/private sewer, individual sewage disposal system, etc.

Building supply pipe

First section of water supply piping in a bldg. after the water meter

Caulking

• Plugging an opening with oakum, lead, or other material that are pounded into the annular space

• Calking / cogging

Cleanout

Fitting with a removable plate or plug that is placed in plumbing drainage pipe lines to allow access to the pipes for the purpose of cleaning and maintenance

Conductor

• Part of roofing or area gutter that takes water from a roof above-surface area to a storm drain or other disposal area or system

• Also called a leader?!?

Cross connection

Any physical connection or arrangement of pipes between two otherwise separate bldg water supply pipes or system through which or by means of which water supply may flow from one system to the other

Direction of flow depends on pressure difference between the two systems

Deadend

Extended portion of pipe that is closed one end to which no connections are made on the extended portion, thus permitting stagnation of wastewater or air therein

Downspout

Vertical portion of rainwater conductor

Drain

A pipe which carries ground and surface water, storm water, or wastewater into the bldg. drainage system

Drainage fixture unit

• Common measure of probable discharge into drainage system by various types of plumbing fixtures

• One ___ = discharge rate of 7.5 gallons per min. or one cubic ft of water per min.

drainage, waste, and vent

[abb.] DWV

Faucet

Valve on water pipe by means of which water can be drawn from or held within pipe; placed on end of pipe

Flood level

Level in fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim

Flow rate

Volume of water used by a plumbing fixture in a given amount of time. gpm = gallons per minute

Flush valve

Device located at bottom of flush tank for flushing water closets etc.

Flushometer valve

Device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes; Actuated by direct water pressure

Full bath

Water closet + lavatory + bathtub

Half bath

Water closet + lavatory

Gate valve

A valve in which flow of water is cut by means of a circular disk. This disk is either raised or lowered by means of threaded stem

Globe valve

A valve in which flow of water is cut off by means of circular disk that fits against the valve seat

Half bath

Water closet + lavatory

Hose bibb

Faucet to which hose may be attached

Indirect waste pipe

Waste pipe that does not connect directly with drainage system but conveys wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture or receptacle

Main pipe

Principal pipe to which branches are connected

Main vent

Vertical vent pipe installed primarily for purpose of providing circulation of air

Vent stack

Another term for main vent

Manhole

Opening constructed in any part of plumbing system with sufficient size for a person to gain access to

Plumbing

Art and science of installing in bldgs the pipes, fixtures and other apparatus for water

Privy

An outhouse or structure for the deposition of excrement

Gooseneck trap

• A p-shaped trap commonly used on most plumbing fixtures EXCEPT for fixtures having integral trap

• A return bend (30cm long and other end 7.5cm long)

Public sewer

Common sewer directly controlled by public authority to which all abutters have equal rights of connections

Riser

A water supply pipe that extends vertically one full storey or more to convey water to fixture branches or group of fixtures

Roughing-in

The Installation of parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to installation of fixtures or finishing

• drainage, water supply, vent piping and necessary fixture supports

Sanitary drainage pipes

Pipes installed to remove wastewater and waterborne wastes from fixtures

Seepage pits

• Cesspool; dry well

• Loosely lined excavation in the ground which receives the discharge of a septic tank

• Designed to permit the effluent from the septic tank to seep through the bottom and sides of the pit

Septic tank

Watertight receptacle which the discharge of sanitary plumbing system designed and constructed to retain solids, digest organic matter through a period of detention and allow liquids to discharge into soil

Sewage

Wastewater containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution

Sewer

Pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and wastewater

Siphonage

Suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes; pressure less than the atmospheric pressure

Soil pipe

A pipe that conveys discharge of water closets, or similar fixtures containing fecal matter, with or without discharge of other fixtures to the bldg drain or sewer

Soil stack

A vertical pipe which conveys discharge of water closet, urinal or fixtures having similar function, with or without discharges from other fixtures to the bldg drain or bldg sewer

[Parts of a sanitary drainage system]

Spigot

• End of pipe which fits into a bell

• Synonymous with faucet

Stack

Any vertical line of soil, waste or vent piping

Sump

Tank or pit below the normal grade of gravity receiving liquid wastes or sewage from which wastes or sewage must be mechanically pumped to a higher receiving point

Vent pipe

Pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals

Waste pipe

• Pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter

• Waste pipe may be connected directly or indirectly depending on the type of fixture

Waste distributing pipe

a pipe which conveys potable water from the building supply pipe to the plumbing fixtures and other outlets