The Cytoplasm

Flashcards covering cytoplasm components, cytoskeleton, endomembrane system, organelles, translation, cell junctions, and tissue types as presented in the notes.

What are the three primary types of protein filaments in the cytoskeleton?

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.

Which subunit polymerizes to form microtubules?

Tubulin.

Which subunit constitutes microfilaments?

Actin.

Keratin is an example of which cytoskeletal filament type?

Intermediate filament.

What is the Endomembrane System?

A network of membranous structures that produces, processes, transports, and recycles proteins and lipids.

Which organelle has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis?

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER).

Which organelle lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification?

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER).

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Golgi apparatus.

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes for breakdown of waste materials?

Lysosome.

Which organelle contains a crystalline core of urate oxidase and enzymes that use or produce hydrogen peroxide?

Peroxisome.

What organelle is the powerhouse of the cell and produces ATP?

Mitochondrion.

Which organelle translates mRNA into polypeptides?

Ribosome.

During translation, which site on the ribosome accepts the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA?

A site.

During translation, which site holds the growing polypeptide chain?

P site.

What is the start codon for translation?

AUG.

What vesicle is involved in uptake of material by the cell?

Endocytotic vesicle.

What vesicle is involved in release of material outside the cell?

Exocytotic vesicle.

What term describes the intracellular fluid and contents within the cytoplasm?

Cytosol.

What is the structure that encloses the cell and regulates movement in and out?

Plasma membrane.

Which junction forms a seal between adjacent cells to prevent passage of substances?

Tight junction.

Which junction forms channels allowing passage of ions and small molecules between cells?

Gap junction.

Which junctions provide strong adhesion between cells in tissues?

Desmosomes.

What are the four primary tissue types?

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nerve tissues.

What tissue type has an extracellular matrix?

Connective tissue.

Which cytoskeletal filament is primarily involved in muscle contraction and cell movement?

Microfilaments (actin).