AP HUG unit 4

sovreignty

the right of a gov to control and defend its territory and determine what happens within its borders

irredentism

trying to get territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation

multinational state

country with many different ethnicities and cultures living in its borders

multi state nation

people who share a cultural or ethnic background but live in more than one country

semi autonomous

they are given some authority to govern their own territories independently from their national gov

stateless nation

a people united by culture, lang, history, and tradition but are not possessing a state

territoriality

the attempt by a group to affect influence or control people, phenomena, and relationships by asserting control over an area

chokepoint

a narrow passageway to another place through which it is difficult to pass

shatterbelt

states form, join, and break up because of ongoing conflicts among parties and because they are caught between the interests of more powerful outside states

self determination

the right of all people to choose their own political status

imperialism

the push to create and empire by exercising force or influence to control other nations or peoples

devolution

the central power in a state is broken up among regional authorities within its borders

delimit

drawing boundaries on a map in accordance to a legal agreement

demarcate

boundaries shown by physical objects like stones, pillars, rocks, or fences

administer

manage the way borders are maintained and how goods will cross them

antecedent

established before people settle into an area

subsequent

drawn in areas that have been settled by people and where cultural landscapes already exist or are in the process of being established

consequent

take into account the differences that exist in a cultural landscape, separating groups that have distinct langs, religions, ethnicities, etc

geometric

mathematical and follow lat and long lines instead of following physical features

superimposed

drawn over existing accepted borders by an outside conquering force

relic

former boundaries that once existed but no longer have an official function

UNCLOS

established the structure of marine boundaries, stating that a country’s territorial seas extend 12 nautical miles off its coast and EEZ

EEZ

extends 200 nautical miles from its coast

federal state

power is held by regional units

unitary states

form of gov that follows a top-down approach where policies are conveyed by central gov and funneled down to regional units to be carried out

reapportionment

seats in the house of reps are reallocated to different states

electoral college

a set of people called electors are chosen to elect the president

redistricting

a states internal political boundaries that determine voting districts for the US house of reps and the states legislature are redrawn to accurately reflect the new census data

gerrymandering

the party that controls a majority of seats in the state legislature draws legislative maps with partisan advantage favoring their party over another

ethnic cleansing

when a gov attacks an ethnic group and tries to eliminate it through killing, imprisonment, or expulsion

supranational organization

an alliance of 3+ states that work tgt in pursuit of common goals or to address an issue or challenge that these countries might be having

enclave

a territory, state, or cultural group completely surrounded by the territory of another entity

exclave

a portion of a states territory that is geographically separated from its main part by the territory of one or more states

balkanization

the process of a state or region breaking down into smaller, often hostile, units due to intense ethnic, cultural, or political conflicts

binational state

a sovereign state that contains two distinct nations, ethnic groups, or cultural groups in its borders

microstate

a sovereign state characterized by a small land area and a tiny pop

north atlantic treaty org

a major military supranational org formed in 1949 for collective defense against soviet expansion

united nations

organization established in 1945 to maintain international peace, security, and cooperationeuropean

european union

a supranational org comprising 27 european nations that integrated their economies and political policies to promote peace, stability, and free movement of goods/people

colonialism

the physical settlement and total political/economic control of a territory by a foreign power

neocolonialism

the use or political, economic, or cultural pressures by developed core nations to indirectly control or influence developing periphery/semi periphery nations

genocide

the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, ethnic, national, or religious group