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Cell membrane
protects the cell
controls the entry/exit of substances
maintaing homeostasis
Cytoplasm
has all the cell contents exept the nucleus and cell membrane
cytosol
is the fluid component of the cytoplasm
Nucleus
home to DNA
regulates cellular activities.
ribosomes
where protein synthesis occurs
will attach to RER during synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
twisty network of tubes and sacs inside a cell.
It’s important for making and transporting proteins and lipids (fats) that the cell needs.
2 types of ER (rough & smooth)
RER - Rough ER
synthesizes proteins
transports said proteins to golgi, then secreted from the cell
SER - Smooth ER
Synthesizes lipids (fats/oils)
sent to golgi, and helps removing harmful substances in the cell.
Golgi Body
recieves Proteins (from RER) and lipids (from SER)
Packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for secretion.
Mitochondria
Site of energy production (ATP synthesis)
main site for the release of energy from food molecules (using oxygen)
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein fibers (microfilaments & microtubules) that supports cell shape, helps with movement, and organizes cell parts.
Microvilli
Tiny finger-like projections of the cell membrane that increase a cell’s surface area to help with absorption
increased surface area = increase rate of absorbtion and secretion
flagellum
A long, whip-like structure that helps a cell move (e.g: a sperm cell tail)
Cilia
hair-like stuff that move fluid or materials across a cell’s surface or help the cell move.
Lysosomes
Small organelles filled with enzymes that break down waste/bacteria
Cell Basics
Cells are the basic structural unit of an organism.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and are usually microscopic.
Nuclear Envelope
protects the contents of the nucleus
nuclear pores
The small holes in the nuclear envelope
Plasma membranes
Definition - work together to form a flexible, selective barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell
contains - Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol