Cell Structure and Function Notes

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20 Terms

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Cell membrane

  • protects the cell

  • controls the entry/exit of substances

  • maintaing homeostasis

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Cytoplasm

  • has all the cell contents exept the nucleus and cell membrane

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cytosol

  • is the fluid component of the cytoplasm

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Nucleus

home to DNA

  • regulates cellular activities.

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ribosomes

  • where protein synthesis occurs

  • will attach to RER during synthesis

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

  • twisty network of tubes and sacs inside a cell.

  • It’s important for making and transporting proteins and lipids (fats) that the cell needs.

  • 2 types of ER (rough & smooth)

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RER - Rough ER

  • synthesizes proteins

  • transports said proteins to golgi, then secreted from the cell

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SER - Smooth ER

  • Synthesizes lipids (fats/oils)

  • sent to golgi, and helps removing harmful substances in the cell.

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Golgi Body

  • recieves Proteins (from RER) and lipids (from SER)

  • Packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for secretion.

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Mitochondria

  • Site of energy production (ATP synthesis)

  • main site for the release of energy from food molecules (using oxygen)

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Cytoskeleton

  • A network of protein fibers (microfilaments & microtubules) that supports cell shape, helps with movement, and organizes cell parts.

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Microvilli

  • Tiny finger-like projections of the cell membrane that increase a cell’s surface area to help with absorption

  • increased surface area = increase rate of absorbtion and secretion

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flagellum

  • A long, whip-like structure that helps a cell move (e.g: a sperm cell tail)

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Cilia

hair-like stuff that move fluid or materials across a cell’s surface or help the cell move.

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Lysosomes

  • Small organelles filled with enzymes that break down waste/bacteria

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Cell Basics

  • Cells are the basic structural unit of an organism.

  • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and are usually microscopic.

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Nuclear Envelope

protects the contents of the nucleus

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nuclear pores

The small holes in the nuclear envelope

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Plasma membranes

Definition - work together to form a flexible, selective barrier that controls what enters and exits the cell

contains - Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol

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