nursing 344 - nutrition

malnutrition

undernutrition and overnutrition

undernutrition related risks

• dental factors

• disorders where food is refused

• clinical signs may be confused with other diseases

what can overnutrition develop into?

• cancer

• gallbladder disease

• sleep apnea

• immune system diseases

what is mostly overlooked in nutrition?

hydration is overlooked or confused with signs and symptoms of other disorders

overhydration

• risk pt = kidney, liver, cardiac diseases

• ill clients on humidified ventilation or receiving large volumes of parenteral fluids

warning signs of poor nutrition acronym

• disease

• eating poorly

• tooth loss

• economic issues

• reduced socialism

• multiple meds

• involuntary weight loss

• needs self-care assistance

• elder = over 80 years

what does weakness and fatigue indicate?

anemia or electrolyte imbalance

what does weight loss indicate?

• decreased calorie intake

• increased calorie use

• inadequate nutrition intake or absorption

what does dry and flaky skin indicate?

• vitamin A + B complex deficits

• linoleic acid deficit

what does dry skin with poor skin turgor indicate?

dehydration

what can a vitamin A deficiency in skin result in?

• rough, scaly skin with bumps

• dry, flaky skin

what does petechiae or ecchymoses indicate?

vitamin C or K deficiency

what does a sore that will not heal indicate?

• protein

• vitamin C

• zinc deficits

what does protein deficiency in hair cause?

thinning, dry hair

what does iron deficiency in nails cause?

• spoon-shaped

• brittle/ridged nails

what does a vitamin A deficiency in eyes cause?

• night blindness

• corneal swelling softening

• dryness: bitot spots

what does red conjunctiva indicate?

riboflavin deficiency

what does cracks at the corner of the mouth indicate?

riboflavin or niacin deficiency

what does a riboflavin deficiency cause in the mouth?

• magenta tongue

• cracks at corner of mouth

what does a beefy, red tongue indicate?

vitamin B12 deficiency

what does a vitamin C deficiency cause in your mouth?

• soft

• spongy

• bleeding gums

what does a iodine deficiency cause in the throat?

swollen neck (goiter)

cardiovascular vitamin deficiencies

• edema = protein deficiency

• tachycardia + hypotension = fluid volume deficiency

gastrointestinal nutritional deficiency

ascites = protein deficiency

musculoskeletal nutritional deficiency

bone pain or bow leg = vitamin D or calcium deficiency

what does muscle wasting indicate?

• protein

• carbs

• fat deficits

what does an altered mental state indicate?

• dehydration and thiamine deficits

• or vitamin B12 deficiency

neurologic nutritional deficiency

paresthesia =

• vitamin B12

• pyridoxine or thiamine deficiency

when testing for anemia what lab results do you check?

hemoglobin or protein levels

what lab results do you check for undernourished?

high cholesterol and triglyceride values