Protein synthesis

Transcription

• RNA polymerase (enzymes) unzips DNA and copies to make RNA

• MRNA goes out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm to attach to ribosome ←> makes protein

Translation

1. tRNA docks at the ribosome

2. The ribosome attaches to the end of the nucleus → slides along until it finds the start codon (AUG)

3. Start codon on mRNA pairs w/t complementary tRNA anticodon

4. The tRNA eventually leaves but the amino acid stays and attaches to the amino acid next to it thru the peptide bond

Translation part 2

5. Ribosome shifts to read the next codon and this continues for all the codons until the stop codon

   → ribosome attaches each amino acid in correct order until stop codon → amino acid chain

6. The amino acid chain detaches itself and falls off

7. It curls up into a protein

Protein synthesis

• The structures and functions of the cells are controlled by the process of gene expression