Word problems (41-48)

Does hyperventilation increase, or decrease PCO2?

decreases

What measure indicates the percentage of vital capacity that can be forcibly exhaled in one second?

forced expiratory volume

What digestive enzyme breaks proteins into amino acids?

pepsin

What substance does the liver produce that acts as an emusifier in the digestive tract?

bile

What structure controls the movement of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum?

pyloric sphincter

What is the general term for the four major layers of the wall of the alimentary canal?

tunics

What is the last 3.6 m of the small intestine called?

ileum

In which portion of the small intestine does the majority of nutrient absorbtion occur?

jejunum

What muscle groups are responsible for pulmonary ventilation?

diaphragm and intercostals

What are the two phases of pulmonary ventilation?

inhalation and exhalation

What pancreatic cells produce glucagon?

alpha cells

What product do the parietal cells of the stomach produce?

hydrochloric acid

Which tunic of the alimentary canal contains a circular layer of smooth muscle?

muscularis externa

Which portion of the small intestine contains Peyer's patches?

ileum

How does increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity affect the air pressure inside of the lungs?

decreases

How are respiratory volumes affected by reducing the radius of the respiratory airways?

decreases

What pancreatic region produces insulin and glucagon?

pancreatic islets

What are the folds in the inner wall of the stomach called?

rugae

What is the serosa lining the alimentary canal called in the abdominal cavity?

visceral peritoneum

Does vital capacity tend to increase, decrease, or stay the same with increasing age?

decreases

What happens to the lung if the pleural cavity is pierced and air is allowed into the pleural space?

lung collapses

What digestive enzyme breaks starch into smaller saccharides?

amylase

Which tunic of the alimentary canal contains the blood supply for the mucosa?

submucosa

Does pneumonia cause vital capacity to increase, decrease, or stay the same?

decrease

What physical property of the fluid coating the alveoli does surfactant decrease?

surface tension

What digestive enzyme breaks fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids?

lipase

Which tunic of the alimentary canal contains a layer of simple columnar epithelium?

mucosal epithelium

What is the middle 2.5 m of the small intestine called?

jejunum

Blockage of the common hepatic duct or bile duct by gallstones can result in a buildup of bile in the bloodstream. This buildup can cause the skin to turn yellow, a condition called

jaundice

What product do the chief cells of the stomach produce?

pepsinogen