H. US History: S2 Final Review

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165 Terms

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What amendment gave women the right to vote?
19th amendment
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What amendment gave the government the right to tax it's citizens?
16th amendment
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What is passed at the urging of Teddy Roosevelt?
The pure food and drug act & the meat inspection act
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What were the contributions of Jane Adams?
She set up the Holl House (a settlement house) to help immigrants in neighborhoods
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Who are the Mukrakers?
They are investigative journalists from the progressive era
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What are the elements of the election of 1912?
-It was a split between Republicans and their votes//Teddy, Taft, and Wilson//Teddy was part of the Bull Moose Party//Wilson won
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Who started the Niagara Movement and demanded equality?
W.E.B Du Bois
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What does the Niagara Movement turn into?
NAACP
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Who is the youngest president in history?
Teddy Roosevelt
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Who, through research, targeted lynching in the United States?
Ida B. Wells
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What was used to justify imperialism?
Social Darwinism
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Which president established peace between Russia and Japan?
Teddy Roosevelt
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New Freedom
Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.
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Who resigned as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy?
Theodore Roosevelt
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Civil Service Commission
government agency created by the Pendleton Act of 1883 to fill federal jobs on the basis of merit
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The Crisis
A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager.
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Guiford Pinchot
An American forester and politician. He served as the fourth chief of the U.S. Division of Forestry, as the first head of the United States Forest Service, and as the 28th governor of Pennsylvania
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John Muir
(1838-1914) Naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural state. He was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in California.
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Federal Reserve Act
This act established the Federal System, which established 12 distinct reserve to be controlled by the banks in each district; in addition, a Federal Reserve board was established to regulate the entire structure; improved public confidence in the banking system.
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William Taft
27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.
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New Nationalism
Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice
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National Reclamation Act
set aside most of the proceeds from the sale of public lands to finance irrigation projects in the arid states
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Who promoted dollar diplomacy?
William H. Taft
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Who promoted moral diplomacy?
Wilson
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Who promoted big stick diplomacy?
Teddy Roosevelt
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Who got the United States to purchase Alaska?
William Seward
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Who wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History?
Alfred Thayer Mahan
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What was the United States' ranking at the turn of the century?
3rd
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President Wilson went on a speaking tour. What was he promoting?
The United States signing into the League of Nations
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True or False: WWI ends ONLY because the United States entered and fought in the war.
False
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Teller Amendment
Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war
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Which country is hit with reparations following WWI?
Germany
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The election of 1920 was a referendum on what?
The League of Nations
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Which party pushed for the signing into the League of Nations?
Democratic Party
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Who was against signing into the League of Nations?
Republican Party
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Who won the election of 1920, allowing the United States to not sign into the League of Nations?
Warren G. Harding
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Extractive Economy
economy in a colony where the colonizing country removed raw materials and shipped them back home to benefit its own economy
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Trench Warfare
A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.
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Platt Amendment
Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble
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New technology for WWI
improved cannons, larger shells that could fly longer distances, poison gas, airplanes and tanks, and u-boats
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Selective Service Act
Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft
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CPI (Committee on Public Information)
government agency created during World War I to encourage Americans to support the war
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Concientious Objectors
a person who refuses to take part in miliary service or bear arms on the grounds of religious or moral principles
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Espianage Act
the government made it illegal to send antiwar materials to encourage men to avoid the draft and not support the war
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Gentlemen's Agreement
In 1907 Theodore Roosevelt arranged with Japan that Japan would voluntarily restrict the emmigration of its nationals to the U.S.
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Doughboys
A nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI
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Who is the unofficial ambassador of jazz?
Louis Armstrong
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Who is the writer and poet that helped spark the Harlem Rennissance?
Langston Hughes
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What did the 18th amendment prohibit?
Sale, consumption, or distribution of alcohol
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What did prohibition lead to?
A rise in bootlegging and crime
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Who is Charles Lindbergh?
first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean
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What was the Scopes Trial?
a fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools and in American society
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Where was the Scopes Trial located?
Tennessee
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Teapot Dome Scandal
A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921
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Was tenant farming more or less popular during the Great Depression?
More
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What were the causes of the Great Depression?
Tariffs on foreign goods, the availability of easy credit, a crisis in the farm sector
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Who was the Secretary of Treasury under Harding?
Andrew Mellon
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Herbert Hoover
Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community.
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Calvin Coolidge
Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.
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Ohio Gang
A group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding. Harding appointed them to offices and they used their power to gain money for themselves. They were involved in scandals that ruined Harding's reputation even though he wasn't involved.
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Flappers
carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. Symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals.
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Marcus Garvey
African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.
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Hauley-Smoot Tariff
protective import tax authorized by Congress in 1930, Sky-high tariff bill of 1930 that deepened the depression and caused international financial chaos. highest import tax in history
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Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.
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Harlem Renaissance
A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
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Greenwood
a historic freedom colony in Tulsa, Oklahoma. As one of the most prominent concentrations of African-American businesses in the United States during the early 20th century, it was popularly known as America's "Black Wall Street".
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Who were the Allied Powers in WWII?
Great Britain, France ,China, the US, & (Soviet Union later)
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Brain Trust
Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression
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Francis Perkins
Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member in U.S. history.
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Battle of Britain
An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.
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What were Hitler's messages prior to WWII?
antisemitism and strong nationalism
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TVA
New Deal program which gave electricity and jobs to rural Appalachia, including AL
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CCC
It was Relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc.
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PWA
Part of Roosevelts New Deal programs. Put people to work building or improving public buildings like schools, post offices,etc.
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Wagner Act
granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining
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Fair Labor Standards Act
1938 law that set a minimum wage, a maximum workweek of 44 hours, and outlawed child labor
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CIO
federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955.
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sit-down strike
method of boycotting work by sitting down at work and refusing to leave the establishment
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Court Packing
Where FDR tried to add more members of his party to the Supreme Court to pass his programs.
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Who fired up the British at the start of WWII?
Winston Churchill
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What New Deal defended and protected American depositors?
FDIC
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FDR
32nd President of the United States, Roosevelt, the President of the United States during the Depression and WWII. He instituted the New Deal. Served from 1933 to 1945, he was the only president in U.S. history to be elected to four terms. Got polio in 1921.
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Which group heavily criticized the New Deal?
The American Liberty League
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WWI officially begins after what invasion?
Hitler's Invasion of Poland
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Which president leads the United States through the Great Depression and WWII?
FDR
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Which of the following are Allied Victories: Invasion of Normandy, Battle of the Bulge, Invasion of Poland, & Iwo Jima?
Battle of the Bulge, Normandy, & Iwo Jima
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What was the main strategy for the Allies in WWII?
Fighting and winning in Europe
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What was the Cold War?
Between Soviets and the US, no fighting, 6+ years
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Put the following events in order. Potsdam, Casablanca, & the Atlantic Charter.
Atlantic Charter, Casablanca, Potsdam
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What was the nickname for the D-Day Invasion?
Operation Overlord
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Where does D-Day take place?
France
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Where was Hitler's last major offensive?
Battle of the Bulge
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What was the forgotten war?
The War in Korea
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Where was Korea divided?
38th parallel
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What was the Marshall Plan?
the economic recovery package of aid from the United States to western Europe after World War II
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What was the Nuremberg Trials?
Were trials for war crimes against high ranking officials in the war. Shows that even during wartime, people are responsible for their actions
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Why was the specific site chosen for the Nuremberg Trials?
due to the rallies involving the incidents that occurred there and the size of the venue
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When did the Red Scares take place in American history?
The two red scares took place both following the two major world wars
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Who was in charge of the legal team that argued Brown vs. Board?
Thurgood Marshall
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In which state did the freedom summer take place?
Mississippi