H. US History: S2 Final Review

What amendment gave women the right to vote?

19th amendment

What amendment gave the government the right to tax it's citizens?

16th amendment

What is passed at the urging of Teddy Roosevelt?

The pure food and drug act & the meat inspection act

What were the contributions of Jane Adams?

She set up the Holl House (a settlement house) to help immigrants in neighborhoods

Who are the Mukrakers?

They are investigative journalists from the progressive era

What are the elements of the election of 1912?

-It was a split between Republicans and their votes//Teddy, Taft, and Wilson//Teddy was part of the Bull Moose Party//Wilson won

Who started the Niagara Movement and demanded equality?

W.E.B Du Bois

What does the Niagara Movement turn into?

NAACP

Who is the youngest president in history?

Teddy Roosevelt

Who, through research, targeted lynching in the United States?

Ida B. Wells

What was used to justify imperialism?

Social Darwinism

Which president established peace between Russia and Japan?

Teddy Roosevelt

New Freedom

Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912; Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and, by breaking up monopolies, give small businesses freedom to compete.

Who resigned as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy?

Theodore Roosevelt

Civil Service Commission

government agency created by the Pendleton Act of 1883 to fill federal jobs on the basis of merit

The Crisis

A sudden, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager.

Guiford Pinchot

An American forester and politician. He served as the fourth chief of the U.S. Division of Forestry, as the first head of the United States Forest Service, and as the 28th governor of Pennsylvania

John Muir

(1838-1914) Naturalist who believed the wilderness should be preserved in its natural state. He was largely responsible for the creation of Yosemite National Park in California.

Federal Reserve Act

This act established the Federal System, which established 12 distinct reserve to be controlled by the banks in each district; in addition, a Federal Reserve board was established to regulate the entire structure; improved public confidence in the banking system.

William Taft

27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.

New Nationalism

Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice

National Reclamation Act

set aside most of the proceeds from the sale of public lands to finance irrigation projects in the arid states

Who promoted dollar diplomacy?

William H. Taft

Who promoted moral diplomacy?

Wilson

Who promoted big stick diplomacy?

Teddy Roosevelt

Who got the United States to purchase Alaska?

William Seward

Who wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History?

Alfred Thayer Mahan

What was the United States' ranking at the turn of the century?

3rd

President Wilson went on a speaking tour. What was he promoting?

The United States signing into the League of Nations

True or False: WWI ends ONLY because the United States entered and fought in the war.

False

Teller Amendment

Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American war

Which country is hit with reparations following WWI?

Germany

The election of 1920 was a referendum on what?

The League of Nations

Which party pushed for the signing into the League of Nations?

Democratic Party

Who was against signing into the League of Nations?

Republican Party

Who won the election of 1920, allowing the United States to not sign into the League of Nations?

Warren G. Harding

Extractive Economy

economy in a colony where the colonizing country removed raw materials and shipped them back home to benefit its own economy

Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Platt Amendment

Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble

New technology for WWI

improved cannons, larger shells that could fly longer distances, poison gas, airplanes and tanks, and u-boats

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft

CPI (Committee on Public Information)

government agency created during World War I to encourage Americans to support the war

Concientious Objectors

a person who refuses to take part in miliary service or bear arms on the grounds of religious or moral principles

Espianage Act

the government made it illegal to send antiwar materials to encourage men to avoid the draft and not support the war

Gentlemen's Agreement

In 1907 Theodore Roosevelt arranged with Japan that Japan would voluntarily restrict the emmigration of its nationals to the U.S.

Doughboys

A nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI

Who is the unofficial ambassador of jazz?

Louis Armstrong

Who is the writer and poet that helped spark the Harlem Rennissance?

Langston Hughes

What did the 18th amendment prohibit?

Sale, consumption, or distribution of alcohol

What did prohibition lead to?

A rise in bootlegging and crime

Who is Charles Lindbergh?

first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean

What was the Scopes Trial?

a fight over evolution and the role of science and religion in public schools and in American society

Where was the Scopes Trial located?

Tennessee

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

Was tenant farming more or less popular during the Great Depression?

More

What were the causes of the Great Depression?

Tariffs on foreign goods, the availability of easy credit, a crisis in the farm sector

Who was the Secretary of Treasury under Harding?

Andrew Mellon

Herbert Hoover

Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community.

Calvin Coolidge

Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.

Ohio Gang

A group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding. Harding appointed them to offices and they used their power to gain money for themselves. They were involved in scandals that ruined Harding's reputation even though he wasn't involved.

Flappers

carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. Symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals.

Marcus Garvey

African American leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

Hauley-Smoot Tariff

protective import tax authorized by Congress in 1930, Sky-high tariff bill of 1930 that deepened the depression and caused international financial chaos. highest import tax in history

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Greenwood

a historic freedom colony in Tulsa, Oklahoma. As one of the most prominent concentrations of African-American businesses in the United States during the early 20th century, it was popularly known as America's "Black Wall Street".

Who were the Allied Powers in WWII?

Great Britain, France ,China, the US, & (Soviet Union later)

Brain Trust

Group of expert policy advisers who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the great depression

Francis Perkins

Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member in U.S. history.

Battle of Britain

An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.

What were Hitler's messages prior to WWII?

antisemitism and strong nationalism

TVA

New Deal program which gave electricity and jobs to rural Appalachia, including AL

CCC

It was Relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc.

PWA

Part of Roosevelts New Deal programs. Put people to work building or improving public buildings like schools, post offices,etc.

Wagner Act

granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining

Fair Labor Standards Act

1938 law that set a minimum wage, a maximum workweek of 44 hours, and outlawed child labor

CIO

federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955.

sit-down strike

method of boycotting work by sitting down at work and refusing to leave the establishment

Court Packing

Where FDR tried to add more members of his party to the Supreme Court to pass his programs.

Who fired up the British at the start of WWII?

Winston Churchill

What New Deal defended and protected American depositors?

FDIC

FDR

32nd President of the United States, Roosevelt, the President of the United States during the Depression and WWII. He instituted the New Deal. Served from 1933 to 1945, he was the only president in U.S. history to be elected to four terms. Got polio in 1921.

Which group heavily criticized the New Deal?

The American Liberty League

WWI officially begins after what invasion?

Hitler's Invasion of Poland

Which president leads the United States through the Great Depression and WWII?

FDR

Which of the following are Allied Victories: Invasion of Normandy, Battle of the Bulge, Invasion of Poland, & Iwo Jima?

Battle of the Bulge, Normandy, & Iwo Jima

What was the main strategy for the Allies in WWII?

Fighting and winning in Europe

What was the Cold War?

Between Soviets and the US, no fighting, 6+ years

Put the following events in order. Potsdam, Casablanca, & the Atlantic Charter.

Atlantic Charter, Casablanca, Potsdam

What was the nickname for the D-Day Invasion?

Operation Overlord

Where does D-Day take place?

France

Where was Hitler's last major offensive?

Battle of the Bulge

What was the forgotten war?

The War in Korea

Where was Korea divided?

38th parallel

What was the Marshall Plan?

the economic recovery package of aid from the United States to western Europe after World War II

What was the Nuremberg Trials?

Were trials for war crimes against high ranking officials in the war. Shows that even during wartime, people are responsible for their actions

Why was the specific site chosen for the Nuremberg Trials?

due to the rallies involving the incidents that occurred there and the size of the venue

When did the Red Scares take place in American history?

The two red scares took place both following the two major world wars

Who was in charge of the legal team that argued Brown vs. Board?

Thurgood Marshall

In which state did the freedom summer take place?

Mississippi