Biology - Meiosis/Punnet Squares/Fitness

everything I need to work on -- GO OVER NOTES.

How does understanding heterozygous and homozygous traits help in predicting the inheritance of specific genetic traits?

By understanding heterozygous and homozygous traits, someone can see if an organism will inherit a dominant recessive trait.

Discuss how errors during meiosis, such as non-disjunction, can lead to genetic disorders and their impact on offspring.

Non-disjunction is when chromatids fail to separate during either anaphase I or II creating imbalances in the number of chromosomes within each daughter cell. Leading cause of pregnancy loss and birth defects. ex.: down sndrome, klinefelter syndrome, turner syndrome

Provide examples of other evolutionary adaptations besides camouflage and explain how they contribute to an organism's survival.

Mimicry and venom

Mimicry

organism resembles another one or an inanimate object in its environment This allows it to blend in, and will have a lower chance of being seen by its predator

Venom

Helps to capture a prey/defend themselves. Venom is toxic and is produced by a specialized gland through fangs/stingers

How can genetic predictions be applied in agriculture, medicine, and conservation efforts?

Pea plant crosses

enhance crop security

identi varieties of crops with favorable genes.

mass-produce insuline

follistim (treating infertility)

vaccines

GM plant - DNA transferred into plant cells

Describe the experimental design of a camouflage study and how it helps in understanding predator-prey interactions.

Shows how organisms adapt to avoid being seen/caught by predators

What are the variables that can affect the effectiveness of camouflage, and how can they be controlled in experiments?

Background matching - control the different backgrounds

Prey behavior- standardize prey behavior across experiment trials

Lighting conditions - control what kind of lighting

Provide examples of genetic traits that have been shaped by natural selection for survival and reproductive success.

Camoflage Mimicry, Speed/Agility, Resistance to disease, Mating Displays/Ornaments

How can an understanding of genetic traits and their impact on survival be applied in conservation strategies for endangered species?

Genetic Diversity Assessment

Population Management

Assisted Evolution

Genetic Diversity Assessment

Check variety of genes with in a populationof endagered species - helps understand how adaptable they are/how likely they are to survive in different conditons

Population Management

taking care of number and health of endangered species - involves breeding programs and moving animals between groups to keep their populations healthy/diverse.

GOAL: prevent problems like inbreeding/make sure species can survive the wild

Assisted Evoluation

conservationist consider this to enhance the adaptivepotential of endangered specices. Selective breeding/genetic engineering to introduce beneficial traits into populations.