5th Energy Stores and Transfers

energy stores

places or objects where energy is stored/contained

energy transfers

ways in which energy can be transferred from one place or object to another

unit for energy and work

Joules (j)

kinetic energy

energy stored in a moving object, changes when an object speeds up or slows down

gravitational potential energy

energy stored in an object due to its position/height and is changed when an object alters its height above a planet

thermal energy

energy stored in an object at a certain temperature, changes when an object heats up or cools down

chemical energy

energy stored in chemical bonds, changes when reactants combine or separate to give products

nuclear energy

energy stored in nuclear bonds, changes when nuclear particles are rearranged (fission or fusion)

electric-magnetic energy

energy stored in electric charges or magnetic fields due to their position, changes when magnets or electric charges are pulled apart or allowed to come closer together

elastic energy

energy stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed

vibration

energy stored due to mechanical wave, changes when a mechanical wave has its amplitude increased or decreased (clock pendulum, swing)

mechanical working

transfer of energy from one body to another through forces and motion

electrical working

transfer of energy and matter through the flow of charges in a circuit

heating

energy transfer through different temperatures when bodies are in contact

radiation

energy transferred by electromagnetic waves, sound, or other forms of radiation when bodies are NOT in contact

Principle of Conservation of Energy

energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be stored or transferred

efficiency formula

useful energy out / total energy supplied

Work done

when a force causes a body to move through a distance, energy is transferred and work is done

Work formula

Work done = Force x Distance moved in direction of force