AP World | Chapter 25 | Africa and the Atlantic World

These flashcards cover important terms and concepts related to African states, the slave trade, and cultural impacts during the Atlantic world period.

Kingdom of Ghana

An ancient kingdom that was a major gold trader, not related to the modern state of Ghana.

Mali Empire

A powerful empire in West Africa during the 13th century, known for its wealth and trade.

Songhay Empire

A significant empire in West Africa in the 15th century, recognized for its military leadership under Sunni Ali.

Swahili Coast

A region that experienced decline due to Portuguese dominance and tribute demands.

Nzinga Mbemba (Afonso I)

King of Kongo from 1506 to 1542 who converted to Roman Catholicism and sought to connect with Portuguese interests.

Slave Raiding in Kongo

The initial Portuguese attempts at capturing slaves directly turned into a practice of trading weapons for slaves provided by local traders.

Queen Nzinga

The queen of Ndongo who resisted Portuguese influence and posed as a male king to lead her people.

Triangular Trade

A system of trade where European manufactured goods were sent to Africa, slaves were sent to the Americas, and cash crops returned to Europe.

Middle Passage

The harrowing sea journey from Africa to the Americas where many slaves endured inhumane conditions.

Antonian Movement

A religious movement in the early 18th century led by Dona Beatriz that promoted a uniquely African Christianity.

Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa

A major religion that blended with African traditions, evidenced by the establishment of Timbuktu as a center of Islamic scholarship.

The Fulani

A group that initiated military campaigns in West Africa in the late 17th century to enforce strict Islamic practices.

Social Effects of the Slave Trade

Population growth in Africa from new American crops, while millions were removed from society, affecting demographics.

Political Effects of the Slave Trade

Increased violence and warfare due to the introduction of firearms as a result of trade relations.

Plantation Societies

Societal structures in the Americas heavily reliant on slave labor for cash crop production.

Resistance to Slavery

Methods used by enslaved individuals, such as sabotage and flight, to counteract their bondage.

Emancipation of Slaves

The gradual process of freeing enslaved individuals, starting in the British colonies in 1833.