Lecture 14

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elections

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1

elections

when the government controls media and uses it to pursue its goals and weaken its opponents, ______ are not fair

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2

democracy, voting

some think a biased media can limit _______ since it shapes ______ behavior in ways that favour certain candidates

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3

brainwashed

some argue that people are smart and that they can't be ________ by the media

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4

coverage

there is no correlation between rates of violent crimes and media _______ of them

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5

vote, criminality

more likely to _____ for candidates who are hard on crime (conservative) when media reports _______ a lot

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6

more, candidates

media who present crime as a problem that must be politically addressed makes people _______ likely to vote for ________ who are hard on crime

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7

Peter Jennings

news commentator who was biased toward Reagan

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8

Peter Jennings effect

people who watched Jennings liked Reagan much more

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9

facial

Peter Jennings' ________ expressions were a very subtle priming bias

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10

individual frame

frame that places blame on individuals

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11

social frame

frame that places blame on society

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12

frames

different ________ support views of different parties

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13

freedom, order

media can frame KKK rallies as _______ of speech or as disrupting public _______

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14

should, not

when KKK rallies were viewed as freedom of speech: ______ be allowed to have rallies when KKK rallies were viewed as disrupting public order: should ______ be allowed to have rallies

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15

systematic

media will only affect voting outcomes if there is a _________ bias that is present throughout all media

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16

right

there is a systematic _______-wing bias in the media in the US

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17

filters

there is a weakening of ______

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18

smaller, corporations

there is a deconcentration: social media and internet allows for _______ media outlets, which weakens the control by big ______

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19

advertisement

new media diminishes the power of ______-driven TV

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20

anyone

new media allows ________ who wants to get their views out, not only experts or elites

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21

powerful

the flak is not as _________ with the new media because everyone gets criticized

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22

capitalism

new media is still pro-_________ but is not as extreme as during the Cold War

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23

agenda

billionaires still run the main media and set the _________ that these follow

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24

biases

Sustein suggests that there are many _________ with new social media that are extreme

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25

negative

the many biases have a _________ effect on democracy

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26

polarization

new media caters to particular views in ways that promote _______ instead of unity

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27

consensus

Sustein thinks that media polarization limits _______, as Durkheim would think

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28

limited

in the past, people's choices for news were _______

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29

world, specialist, political

there are new sources of media at our fingertips, from all around the _______ with _________ media covering particular topics and taking a certain _______ perspective

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30

want

individualized news allows people to get the news/info that they _____ and they prefer this

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31

filtering

people/companies are thus actively ______ what info people get

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32

balanced, perspective

people are getting less _______ news and info only from their own _______, therefore promoting polarization

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33

polarization

process whereby the views and beliefs of a population become more distinct, less similar

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34

like, extreme

people who talk with other _______-minded individuals will have more _______ views after talking with them

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35

echo

social media is creating ________ chambers

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36

echo chambers

extreme views are getting more extreme and there is less common middle ground

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37

strengthened

when people with extreme views receive info contradicting their position, their positions is _______

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38

Trump, bias

supporters of ______ liked him even more when media was exposing his lies and they blamed this on the media _______

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39

party deadlock

parties have less and less common-ground, catering more extreme supporters

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40

inclusive, more

nowadays, we have fewer ______ associations and ______ exclusive associations (less tolerance)

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41

uncivil

Sustein believes that the fewer inclusive associations promote _______ society and this limits democracy

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42

conflict perspective

suggests that consensus is not necessarily desirable, people are less excluded from the media than before

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43

biased, political

Levendusky's experiment: showed news content that was ______ toward neutral, liberal or conservative and tested people's ______ views after to see differences

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44

extreme

people at the extremes become more ______ with biased news that either supports or opposes their views

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45

middle

there was little effect among the people in the ________ of the political spectrum

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46

week

the effects of media exposure were still evident 1 ________ after the "treatment"

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