5. Nursing Management

what hemoglobin range is mild anemia?

10 to 11.9 g/dL

what symptoms can occur with mild anemia?

palpitations, dyspnea, diaphoresis

what hemoglobin range is moderate anemia?

8 to 9.9 g/dL

what hemoglobin range is severe anemia?

6.5 to 7.9 g/dL

what hemoglobin level is life-threatening anemia?

less than 6.5 g/dL

when is transfusion of packed red blood cells indicated?*

when hemoglobin drops below 7 g/dL

what nursing interventions help manage fatigue in anemia?

• help the patient balance activity and rest

• encourage activity and exercise as tolerated to prevent deconditioning in chronic anemia

what nutrition should be encouraged in anemia?

• a well-balanced diet

• iron, vitamin B12, folate, and protein, depending on the type of anemia

• no alcohol

what should be avoided in anemia?*

alcohol

what should be monitored with erythropoietin therapy?

blood pressure and H&H weekly or twice a week

what nursing interventions help manage activity intolerance in anemia?

• monitor oxygen saturation

• monitor vital signs and pulse oximetry, especially with activity

• monitor for orthostatic hypotension

• limit activities that trigger dyspnea, palpitations, dizziness, or tachycardia

what potential cardiac complication can occur with severe anemia?*

heart failure from increased demand on the heart to deliver oxygen to tissues

what should be monitored if heart failure develops in anemia?*

signs of fluid overload and cardiac rhythm

what neurologic complications can occur in severe anemia, especially vitamin B12 or pernicious anemia?*

confusion, delirium, paresthesias, and decreased position sense

• fall precautions, safe environment, avoid excessive heat and cold