Microbiology for Allied Health Final Study Guide Unit 4 Test

Which of the following best describes the role of bacteriophages in horizontal gene transfer?

They transfer DNA between bacteria via viral infection.

What is a silent mutation?

A mutation that changes the nucleotide sequence but does not affect the protein sequence.

In which process do prokaryotes take up naked DNA from their environment?

Transformation

The phrase 5' to 3' refers to the

Directionality of DNA synthesis

DNA polymerase

Synthesizes DNA

An enzyme that stopped been produced in response to the absence of a substrate is called a(n)

Inducible enzyme

Which of the following molecules is directly responsible for the repression of gene expression in an operon when there is a n overabundance of the product?

Repressor Protein

During DNA replication, the lagging strand is formed from which of the following?

Okazaki fragment

Which of the following correctly describes events that occur during transcription?

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter

How many codons are present in protein synthesis?

64

How does Chargaff's Rule contribute to the process of DNA replication?

It ensures the proper pairing of nucleotides during the synthesis of the new DNA strand

An enzyme that stopped been produced in response to the overabundance of the end product is called a(n)

Repressible enzyme

Which of the following is the reason for silent mutations?

The mutation in the RNA translates to the same amino acid as before the mutation

What key idea did Watson and Crick's model of DNA introduce?

DNA consists of two complimentary strands wound in a double helix

A bacterial cell can carry a prophage in which cycle of specialized transduction?

Lysogenic cycle

Mutations are always detrimental to the organism in which they occur.

False

During bacterial conjugation, what structure us typically used for the transfer of DNA between two cells?

Sex Pili

Which of the following indicates the end of transcription?

Terminator

Which of the following is a result of a frameshift mutation?

Huntington's disease

What are the base pairing rules for DNA?

A-T, C-G

Which of the following types of plasmids are primarily involved in antibiotic resistance in prokaryotes?

R plasmid

RNAs form by _____; proteins form by _____.

transcription and translation

Which of the following best explains why a silent mutation does not alter the protein's function?

The genetic code is redundant, and the mutation still codes for the same amino acid

Which of the following statements about RNA structure is true?

RNA contains a sugar molecule called ribose and carry Uracil as one of its nitrogenous base

During Translation, which RNA molecule catalyze the formation of a peptide?

tRNA

Which of the following is a key feature of gene expression in prokaryotes?

Transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm

In a DNA molecule, if the percentage of guanine (G) is 40%, what is the expected percentage of cytosine (C), Adenine (A), and Thymine (T) based on Chargaff's Rule?

C=40%; A=10%; T=10%

If a DNA sample contains 30% adenine (A), according to Chargaff's Rule, what percentage of thymine (T) would be expected in this sample?

30%

A binding site for RNA polymerase is called a

Promoter

Anticodons pair with ______

mRNA codons

Gene expression includes which of the following?

Transcription and translation

Binding of ____ to _____ can influence the rate of transcription of a specific gene.

repressors; operators

How many chromosomes are present in bacteria cell?

1

What is the role of the operon in prokaryotic gene expression?

It regulates the transcription of related genes

This enzyme is responsible for joining the Okazaki fragments during replication

DNA ligase

Which of the following best describes a anabolic reactions?

They build up large molecules from smaller components

Which of the following correctly describes uracil and where it is found?

It is a nitrogenous base found in RNA only

Most codons specify a (n) ______

amino acid

How many amino acids are present in proteins?

20

Which of the following best describes a transposon?

A gene that can move from one location to another within a genome

A gene is defined as

A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product

DNA replication and Protein synthesis are

Anabolic processes

Which of the following is NOT a method of horizontal gene transfer?

Binary Fission

What is the primary function of a F plasmid in prokaryotes?

Facilitate conjugation and transfer genetic material

Which of the following is not part of the operon model?

Terminator

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes?

Binary fission

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

RNA polymerase - makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template

Which enzyme is essential to synthesis an mRNA strand that codes for a certain protein during transcription?

RNA polymerase

Which term describes a small, circular piece of DNA that replicates independently in bacteria?

Plasmid

Which scientist's work was crucial to understanding the structure of DNA?

Rosalind Franklin