lupton bio exam sem1

Because scientists work together, the field of science is considered__________

collaborative.

Uncertainty is characteristic of many scientific investigations partly because science does not always permit _____________

direct observation

An experiment has two parts: _____________

an experimental setup and a control setup

The total magnification of a microscope using the eyepiece and a 40x objective would be ___________

400x

What are studies that take place in an organism's natural environment?

Field studies

How are large amounts of a single type of cell grown in a laboratory?

Tissue culture

The inventor of the simple microscope was __________________

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek.

The spines of a cactus are examples of an _____________

adaptation

Migrating birds and a plants growing toward the sun are examples of ______________

response

_____________ are not examples of matter?

Reflection, memory...

The atomic number is determined by the number of ___________

protons

Physical properties are characteristics that are observed without changing ______________

matter's chemical composition

The amount of space occupied by matter is known as ______________

volume

The words solid, liquid, and gas all refer to _______________ of matter.

physical states

The ratio of matter's mass to its volume is called ____________

density

Two elements linked chemically in definite proportions are called _____________

compounds.

What benefit does a water buffalo obtain from grass?

energy

A group of cells that performs a specific function in an organism is called ____________

tissue.

What is the smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all of life functions?

A cell

Populations of species living in the same place make up a(n) ____________

community

The community of organisms in an area plus its nonliving factors make up the ____________

ecosystem

What term describes a group of organs working together to perform one purpose?

Organ system

Adaptations are features of organisms that allow them to ___________ in a changing environment

survive

A species is a group of organisms in the same area that can ________________

reproduce with each other

The land, air, and water on earth that sustain life are known as the _______________

biosphere

The changing of a caterpillar into a butterfly is a good example of _____________

development

If an organism does not respond to environmental change by adapting or fleeing it will most likely _____________

die

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an element determines its _______________

mass number

Rusting, burning, and decomposing are all examples of matter's ______________

chemical properties

A solution is a _______________ of two substances.

uniform mixture

A measurement of the concentration of hydrogen ions(H+) in solution is _______________

the pH scale

The ____________ is the substance which is dissolved in a solution.

solute

The _____________ is the substance in which the solute is dissolved in a solution.

solvent

A mixture which includes particles so small that they do not separate and sink is called a ____________

suspension

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called _____________

diffusion

What type of bonds are responsible for holding one water molecule to another?

Hydrogen

What is the term for the attraction of one type of molecule to another?

Adhesion

What is the term given to the monomers of a protein?

Amino acids

How many electrons does the element carbon have?

6

Molecules formed by linking two or more monomers are called ____________

polymers

A fatty acid is a compound made of a chain of carbon atoms plus an _______________

acid group

Table sugar is also known as sucrose. Sucrose is a common _______________

disaccharide.

Polysaccharides are giant polymers consisting of thousands of linked _______________

monosaccharides

___________ use polysaccharides mainly for support?

plants

The hard outer skeleton of certain animals is made of ___________

chitin

Fats, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids are all _______________

lipids.

The removal of water when a compound is formed is called ________________

dehydration synthesis.

A polymer that consists of glycerol and three fatty acids is a ______________

fat.

Label the following as organic or inorganic compounds. Sugar, Proteins, Fat, Water are ___________

organic

Compounds containing an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side group are ________________

amino acids

What chemical reaction binds amino acids together to form proteins?

Dehydration synthesis

Special proteins that act as catalysts to speed up or slow down a chemical reaction are called ____________

enzymes

Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes ______________

sulfur

Which nucleic acid contains the sugar deoxyribose?

DNA

Which of the functional groups is an important building block in the production of nucleic acids and sugar phosphates?

phosphate

A specialized organelle in the nucleus of cells; the site of the production of ribosomes ___________

nucleolus

A/An _______________ allows only certain molecules to flow through it.

selectively permeable membrane

The use of carrier proteins for diffusion is called _______________

facilitated diffusion

The concentration of solutes in a/an _____________ is lower than the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

hypotonic solution

The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is known as ______________

osmosis

An organism with cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

eukaryotic cell

An organism whose cells do not contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

prokaryotic cell.

A large cellular organelle that contains DNA; control center of the cell

nucleus.

Any of several small structures found in eukaryotic cells that operate like miniature organs; carrying out specific functions within the cell

organelle

In a/an ________________ the concentration of solutes outside of the cell is higher than the concentration of solutes inside of the cell.

hypertonic solution

A jelly-like mixture consisting mostly of water, located between the cell membrane and the nucleus

cytoplasm

The thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cell's contents from the world around it

cell membrane

Microtubules bundled into short hair-like projections are known as ___________

cilia

The concentration of solutes in a/an _____________ equals the concentration of solutes inside of the cell.

isotonic cell

The process of ______________ is defined as the use of energy to carry molecules across the membrane.

active transport

In the process of ______________, large molecules, food, and other substances are packaged and moved across the membrane.

bulk transport

What are the long whip-like projections of microtubules used by animal sperm for locomotion?

flagella

The ATP energy storing molecule of the cell, also known as the powerhouse of the cell

mitochondria

A/An _______________ is the difference between the concentration of a particular molecule in one area and the concentration in an adjacent area.

concentration gradient

What describes the conversion of ADP to ATP?

Addition of a third phosphate group

Stuart is listing the changes to matter and energy that occur during the process of photosynthesis. Which of these examples should he include in his list?

Changes that convert light energy into chemical energy stored in carbohydrates

Xavier is describing the role of electron carriers, such as NADP+, in photosynthesis. Which property of NADP+ should Xavier cite?

The ability to transfer high energy electrons and most of their energy molecules.

What BEST describes the role of light in the overall process of photosynthesis?

It gives the plant the energy needed for photosynthesis

Mariana eats an orange. What is the ultimate source of the energy that her body receives when she digests the orange?

light energy from the sun

The Krebs cycle consists of many small steps, each catalyzed by an enzyme. What is another name for the Krebs cycle?

Citric acid cycle

The molecules in the food we eat contain chemical energy stored in chemical bonds. Chemical bonds in food molecules are broken, ______________ and allowing cells to use the energy to make _________

releasing energy; ATP

Natasha is making a model of cellular respiration. Her model shows the pathway followed when there is enough oxygen available. Natasha's model shows _____________

glycolysis → krebs cycle → atp synthase

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration and is an anaerobic process. During glycolysis, glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvic acid. How is glycolysis kept functioning during cellular respiration?

Two molecules of ATP from the cell are invested at the beginning of the process of glycolysis.

HCl + NaOH = NaCl + __________

H2O.

What type of bond is formed between two nonmetals such as hydrogen and oxygen in (H2O)?

Covalent bond

During a chemical reaction, substances become new substances by the _______________ of chemical bonds.

breaking and forming

What results when an acid is neutralized by a base?

Salt water

Savannah is asked to explain the locations of the stages of cellular respiration. What location should she give for the site of the Krebs cycle reactions?

The mitochondria

In the process of glycolysis, four ATP molecules are synthesized from four ADP molecules. Why does glycolysis not yield four molecules of ATP?

2 ATP molecules were used to start the process; creating a net gain of 2 ATP

During photosynthesis, what best describes the role of the compound with the chemical formula C6H12O6?

Glucose; A reactant that houses chemical potential energy trapped from the sun.

Jose and Rema are making sourdough bread. They have been feeding the starter dough for a week now, and it has undergone lactic acid fermentation. They mix the dough and add a portion of the starter, which will give the bread its famous texture and sour flavor. What process will occur next to make the dough rise?

alcoholic fermentation

Xavier and Jill are practicing the 100-meter sprint. Which statement BEST describes the metabolic pathways their muscles will utilize to produce the quick energy needed for this intense exercise?

Glycolysis begins glucose metabolism, and in the absence of oxygen, lactic acid fermentation takes over.

The overall reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite of each other. Select two

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen; Cellular respiration uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces carbon dioxide as a by-product.

Celeste and Raymond are studying the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They learn that in eukaryotic cells the electron transport chain is in a different location than in prokaryotic cells. Which statements give the correct explanation of this difference?

In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is in the nucleus.

What BEST describes the roles of photosystem I and photosystem II in the process of photosynthesis?

They absorb sunlight and transfer the energy to electrons.

Which is the role of the electron transport chain in the process of photosynthesis?

Carrying electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I, then to light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle)

Under normal conditions, gasses diffuse through small holes in the leaves of a plant. When the weather is very hot and dry, plants may close these openings to conserve water. How are the closures most likely to affect photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide will not be able to enter the plant, which would slow photosynthesis

As a cell becomes larger, its __________ increases faster than its ______________

volume; surface area

The phases in the life of a cell are called the ____________

cell cycle

What occurs in the phases of Interphase?

G1 - the cell grows. G2 - the cell makes organelles for the division. S - the DNA is duplicated