HUN1201 Final Study Guide ( Exam 1 and 2 Material )
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100 Terms
What is the AMDR for carbohydrate?
45-65%
Which statement is true of nutrient intakes?
Intakes above the UL put an individual at risk of toxicity.
What is the AMDR for fat?
20-35%
Which nutrient is an example of a macronutrient?
proteins
Gram for gram, which class of nutrient provides the most energy?
fats
The Dietary Reference Intakes may be used to ____.
plan and evaluate diets for healthy people
Which nutrient source will yields more than 4 kcalories per gram?
plant fats
A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcalories, which includes 30 g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?
19.0%
What is the AMDR for protein?
10-35%
The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population is known as the
Recommended Dietary Allowance.
Which recommendation is part of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
Balance kcalories.
If you client consumed 3 ounce of this food as the label showing belong, how many grams of protein did he/she consume?
6 grams
According to the Nutrition Facts Label, how many servings in the bag?
4 servings
What are the principles of diet planning?
adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety
What is a feature of the Nutrition Facts panel on a food label?
Saturated fat must be listed
Which of the following is NOT required on food labels?
a health claim
Which of the following food groups are emphasized by Dietary Guidelines for Americans?
All of the these
In which food group are legumes found?
protein
Which of the following nutrients provide a source of energy for the body?
carbohydrates
Nutrient dense refers to foods that ____.
provide more nutrients relative to kcalories
What is chyme?
a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices
The gastrointestinal microbiome is comprised primarily of ____.
bacteria
One function of sphincter muscles is to ____.
control the passage of food through the GI tract
T/F: Fiber is absorbed in the small intestine
False
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
It protects stomach cells from gastric juices
What structure prevents reflux of stomach contents?
Lower esophageal sphincter
During digestion, bicarbonate is produced by_____,the purpose of bicarbonate is to___________.
Pancreas; neutralize pH
What best describes the normal pH of the stomach?
Very acidic
What is a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
It creates an optimum acidity
Which part of the GI tract contains highly acidic digestive juices?
Stomach
Most carbohydrate digestion occurs in __________
small intestine
______________ is the preferred source of energy for the brain and nerve cells
glucose
What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?
glycogen
What is the composition of sucrose?
one glucose and one fructose unit
What is the primary function of insulin?
lowering blood glucose levels
What is the composition of lactose?
one glucose and one galactose unit
The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is called ____.
hydrolysis
After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?
insulin
What is the recommended intake of dietary fiber?
14 grams per 1000 kcal
What is the principle carbohydrate of milk?
lactose
In the digestion of fats, ______ acts as emulsifier.
bile
Which type of lipid is used to synthesize the fat-soluble vitamin D?
Cholesterol
In which form are most dietary lipids found?
Triglycerides
Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of ____.
double bonds
Bile is released from gallbladder into___________ in order to facilitate fat digestion
small intestine
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?
Linoleic acid
Which product is considered a major source of polyunsaturated fat?
Chicken fat
List the function(s) of fat in the body:
Shock Absorption
Cell membrane material
Skin insulation
energy sources
All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
Roasted turkey
According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the maximum total fat intake as a percentage of energy intake?
35%
Which of the following is a nonessential amino acid in human nutrition?
Proline
The process whereby messenger RNA is made from a DNA template is ____
transcription
What percentage of total calorie should be provided by protein?
10-35%
What is the primary factor that differentiates one amino acid from another?
The side group
Essential amino acids are those that________
The body does not make in sufficient amounts, so they must be supplied by the diet
Protein digestion starts in the _____________, where _______________ denatures proteins
Stomach, hydrochloric acid
Which of the following food proteins has the best assortment of essential amino acids for the human body?
Egg
If body synthesizes protein more than it degrades, this means the body is in___________________
positive nitrogen status
The application of heat or acid to a protein that causes its shape to change is known as ____
denaturation
When two amino acids are chemically joined together, the resulting structure is called a ____.
dipeptide
Which cellular organelle is the primary site for ATP production?
mitochondrion
Which reaction is characterized as catabolic?
Pyruvate formation from glucose
What is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells?
ATP
Which of the following metabolic reaction releases energy?
ATP releases a phosphate group and becomes ADP.
A typical cell contains "powerhouses," which is another name for ____
mitochondria
Human body can generate ATP from the breakdown of all of the following nutrients except_____________.
vitamins
Fatty acid oxidation results in the direct production of ____
acetyl CoA
How many net ATP is generated during glycolysis?
2
The process when building body compounds and requires energy called_______________
Anabolism
What is the primary organ that oxidizes alcohol?
Liver
The weight of a body minus the fat content is known as the ____
lean body mass
The body mass index describes the relationship between a person's ________.
Weight and height
Which of the following diseases are associated with overweight?
All of the these
The psychological desire to eat that accompanies the sight, smell, or thought of food is known as:
Appetite
Which of the following eating disorder characterized as "recurrent episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior"?
Bulimia Nervosa
What is the Estimated Energy Requirements for a 19 years old girl (5'4''; 135 lbs)? Please choose the closest answer.
Mifflin-St. Jeor Equation:
Males: kcal/d = 10 (wt in kg) + 6.25 (ht in cm) – 5 (age in yrs) + 5
Females: kcal/d = 10 (wt in kg) + 6.25 (ht in cm) – 5 (age in yrs) – 161
1374 kcal
What fraction of the day's energy expenditure of the average person is represented by the basal metabolism?
About 2/3
The Female Athlete Triad includes______________
Eating disorder, osteoporosis, and amenorrhea
What is the most satiating macronutrient?
Protein
What proportion of the U.S. adult population is considered obese?
About 30%
Which of the following is NOT a determinant/factor for estimating energy requirements?
Ethnicity /race
Which one of the hormones/protein increases appetite (triggered by decreased satiety).
Ghrelin
________________________ is the most variable component of energy expenditure.
Physical Activity
Which measurement method of energy expenditure involves measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production?
Indirect calorimetry
________ individuals try to regain control by getting rid of the calories consumed ( the most common method is vomiting, but they might misuse laxatives, diuretics or appetite suppressants, fast or excessively exercise).
Bulimic
__________ involves sending a very low level of electrical current though a person's body where as _____________ uses air displacement to measure body composition.
Bioelectrical impedance (BIA); Bod pod
The _____________ suggests that body weight stays within a narrow range and your body compensates for changes in energy balance.
Set-point theory
Which one of the following is NOT a component of the female athlete triad
Increases in blood estrogen
The discrepancy between body weight and perceived body image is key to the diagnosis of _____________.
anorexia nervosa
This method is the "gold standard" or most accurate method for assessment of body composition
Underwater weighing
Which of the following functions has a requirement for thiamin?
Energy release from energy-yielding nutrients
Which of the following is a good source of thiamin?
Pork chop, lean
Milk and milk products provide much of the ____ in people’s diets.
Riboflavin
Which of the following is a good source of vitamin B12 for a vegan?
Nutritional Yeast
Which of the following would be a very good source of vitamin C for the lacto-ovo-vegetarian?
Broccoli
Which of the following vitamins enhances iron absorption?
Ascorbic acid
Which of the following is a function of vitamin C?
Antioxidant agent
Beriberi results from a deficiency of
thiamin
Which of the following people are most likely to have vitamin B12 deficiency?
Vegan and vegetarian
Which of the following is a good dietary source for Riboflavin?
Milk
Note 
Flashcards (150)