9-Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

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38 Terms

1
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What type of cell gives rise to gametes?

germ cells

2
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What is the name given to cells that make up a body and are not germ cells nor gametes?

Somatic cells

3
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What is a gamete?

A haploid reproductive cell. Sperm and egg.

4
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What is the name of the cell produced when two haploid gametes fuse?

A zygote.

5
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Are germ cells diploid?

Yes

6
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Are gametes diploid?

No. They are haploid.

7
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What is the process called where two gametes fuse to form a zygote?

Fertilization

8
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In the animal sexual life cycle, what process do germ cells undergo to produce gametes?

Meiosis

9
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In the animal sexual life cycle, what is the name of the process when haploid gametes fuse to form a zygote?

Fertilization

10
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What process does the zygote undergo to produce the cells of a multicellular organism?

Mitosis

11
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Are somatic cells in humans diploid?

Yes

12
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How many cell divisions occur in meiosis?

Two

13
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How many daughter cells are produced when a cell undergoes meiosis?

4

14
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If a diploid cell undergoes meiosis, what will the ploidy of the daughter cells be?

Haploid

15
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What do we call the two cell divisions that occur during meiosis?

Meiosis I

Meiosis II

16
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Does synapsis occur during meiosis I or meiosis II?

Meiosis I

17
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Does crossing over occur in meiosis I or meiosis II?

Meiosis I

18
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Does independent assortment occur during meiosis I or meiosis II?

Meiosis I

19
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When is the chromosome number halved, meiosis I or meiosis II?

Meiosis I

20
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When are the homologous chromosomes separated, meiosis I or meiosis II?

Meiosis I

21
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When are the sister chromatids separated, meiosis I or meiosis II?

Meiosis II

22
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What is the name of the process where the homologous chromosomes pair up and become physically connected?

Synapsis

23
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What is it called when there is an exchange of DNA between two non-sister chromatids in a homologous pair?

Crossing over

24
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When does synapsis occur?

Prophase I of Meiosis I

25
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When does crossing over occur?

Prophase I of Meiosis I

26
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In what phase of Meiosis do pairs of homologous chromosomes align down the center of the cell?

Metaphase I

27
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Independent assortment occurs because of the events of which phase?

Metaphase

28
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How many different alignments are possible during Metaphase I?

2 to the power of n. Where n is equal to the number of pairs of homologous chromosomes.

29
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What gets separated in anaphase I?

Homologous chromosomes

30
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In what phase of meiosis do chromosomes align down the center of the cell?

Metaphase II

31
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Are the 4 daughter cells produces in meiosis genetically indentical?

No.

32
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What are three things that lead to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

1. Crossing Over

2. Independent Assortment

3. Random Fertilization

33
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What is polyploidy?

Polyploidy is the condition of having extra sets of chromosomes

34
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What is aneuploidy?

Aneuploidy is the condition of either having one or a few extra chromosomes or missing one or a few chromosomes.

35
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What can cause aneuploidy?

Nondisjuction

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What is it called when a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids do not separate properly during cell division?

Nondisjunction

37
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In what type of aneuploidy does and organism have an extra copy of one chromosome?

Trisomy

38
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In what type of aneuploidy is an organism missing a single chromosome?

Monosomy