Reproductive, Meiosis, Karyotype Study Guide

Set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in reproductive biology, meiosis, and karyotype analysis.

Sperm cells

Cells produced by the male reproductive system.

Eggs

Cells produced by the female reproductive system.

Asexual reproduction

Type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Sexual reproduction

Type of reproduction that involves the fusion of male and female gametes, resulting in genetically diverse offspring.

Homologous chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes that have the same size, shape, and genes, but may have different alleles.

Haploid cell

A cell that contains one set of chromosomes (23 in humans).

Diploid cell

A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (46 in humans), one set from each parent.

Tetrad

A structure formed during meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair up.

Crossing over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis.

Gametes

Haploid reproductive cells, namely sperm and eggs.

Zygote

The fertilized egg that results from the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell, containing 46 chromosomes.

Trisomy

A condition where there are three copies of a particular chromosome.

Monosomy

A condition where there is only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of two.

Sex chromosomes

Chromosomes that determine the biological sex of an individual; XX for females, XY for males.

Meiosis I

The first division in the process of meiosis, resulting in two haploid cells with sister chromatids.

Meiosis II

The second division in meiosis, similar to mitosis, that results in four haploid cells.