NCM 113 - Community Health Nursing 2: Key Vocabulary (Lecture Notes)

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering concepts, models, community types, CHN roles, health statistics, indicators, public health challenges, and Philippine health data from the lecture notes.

Community Health

Field of Public Health focusing on studying, protecting, or improving health within a community.

Community Health Nursing

Renders care to individuals, families, and communities focusing on health promotion and disease prevention through people empowerment.

Subfields of CHN

Occupational Health Nursing; School Health Nursing; Correctional Nursing.

Community-centered Approach

Principle of CHN that the community is the primary unit of care and focus for health actions.

Empowerment and Participation

Engaging and enabling individuals and communities to actively participate in health decisions and actions.

Interprofessional Practice

Collaboration among different health professionals to achieve optimal health outcomes.

Evidence-Based Research

Using current best evidence to guide CHN practices and interventions.

Cultural Competence

Ability to understand, respect, and appropriately respond to diverse cultural health beliefs and practices.

Social Justice Advocacy

Advocating for fair distribution of health resources and opportunities to reduce health inequities.

Sustainability and Capacity Building

Ensuring long-term health improvements by developing local skills, systems, and resources.

Home Visits

A feature of CHN practice involving visiting individuals/families at home to deliver care and assess needs.

Health Belief Model

Theory explaining health behaviors based on beliefs about susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

Milio’s Framework for Prevention

Population-focused prevention addressing social determinants of health; core principles include resource-limited behavior, non-knowledge-driven determinants, and policy influence.

Pender’s Health Promotion Model

Theory focusing on factors that influence health-promoting behaviors; emphasizes individual characteristics, self-efficacy, and environmental influences.

PRECEDE-PROCEED Model

Comprehensive planning framework for health promotion programs with phases for assessment (PRECEDE) and intervention (PROCEED).

Social Ecological Model (SEM)

Framework showing health is influenced by multiple levels of environmental systems (individual to societal).

Level of Influence (SEM)

Levels include Individual, Interpersonal, Community, Societal, and Policy.

Systems Theory

Views health as a complex system with interconnected parts; emphasizes the whole system over its parts.

Open vs Closed Systems

Open systems interact with the environment; closed systems do not.

Feedback Loops

Circuits where information feedback influences system behavior and change.

Synergy

The idea that the whole system’s effect is greater than the sum of its parts.

Nursing Theories

Philosophical frameworks guiding nursing practice in community settings (e.g., Neuman, Orem, Nightingale).

Neuman’s Health Care Systems Model

A nursing theory focusing on the patient’s boundary systems and stressors to maintain health.

Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory

Theory explaining how individuals can benefit from self-care to maintain health, with nurses helping when deficits occur.

Nightingale’s Environmental Theory

Foundation of modern nursing stressing the impact of environment on patient health and recovery.

Types of Community: Geographic

Geographic communities include Rural, Suburban, and Urban areas.

Rural

Communities in sparsely populated areas, often with agriculture as a primary activity.

Suburban

Areas surrounding cities with mixed residential and commercial development.

Urban

Densely populated city centers focused on business, industry, and high-rise living.

Functional Communities: Religious

A community formed around shared religious beliefs or affiliations.

Functional Communities: Occupational

A community formed by people with the same profession or occupation.

Functional Communities: Interest-based

A community formed around a shared interest or goal.

Social Communities: Family

A basic social unit comprising relatives living together or sharing a household.

Social Communities: Friends

A network of individuals connected by friendship.

Social Communities: Neighbors

People living in the same or nearby community who interact regularly.

Healthy Community Characteristics

Belonging, strong support networks, access to health services, safe environment, economic opportunities, governance, and participation.

Components of a Community

People, Environment, Social System, Culture.

Population Characteristics

Demographic traits such as age, sex, ethnicity, and population size/density.

Location of the Community

Geographic position and features (climate, topography) influencing health and service access.

Social System within the Community

Interrelations among family, groups, institutions creating a coherent whole that affects health.

CHN Roles: Healthcare Provider

Conducting community assessments to identify health needs and health problems.

CHN Roles: Program Implementer

Developing, implementing, and managing community health programs.

CHN Roles: Health Educator

Providing health education and counseling to individuals and groups.

CHN Roles: Collaborator

Working with community partners and stakeholders to achieve health goals.

CHN Roles: Client Advocate

Advocating for the health and well-being of the community and its members.

CHN Roles: Disaster Preparedness and Response

Participating in planning and responding to emergencies and disasters.

CHN Roles: Researcher

Conducting research and evaluation to improve community health practices.

CHN Roles: Providing Direct Nursing Care

Delivering hands-on nursing care within the community.

Health Statistics

Statistical methods for collecting, organizing, and interpreting numerical health data.

Vital Statistics

Statistics for vital events (births, marriages, deaths) that describe a population’s size and composition.

Morbidity Indicators: Prevalence

Proportion of a population with a disease at a specific time.

Morbidity Indicators: Incidence

Number of new cases of a disease in a population during a period.

Mortality Indicators: Crude Mortality Rate

Overall deaths in a defined population per unit time.

Life Expectancy at Birth

Average number of years a newborn is expected to live under current mortality rates.

Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)

Years of life lost due to disability or premature death.

Hospitalization Rates

Number of hospital admissions per 1,000 population per year.

Immunization Coverage

Percentage of children who have received recommended vaccinations.

Smoking Rates

Proportion of the population that uses tobacco products.

Physical Activity Levels

Proportion of the population engaging in regular physical activity.

Healthy Diet Practices

Proportion of the population consuming a healthy diet.

Limited Resources

Scarcity of financial, material, or human resources that hinder health interventions.

Data Quality

Accuracy, completeness, and reliability of health data.

Limited Infrastructure

Insufficient facilities, systems, or networks to support health services.

Collaboration

Working with others across sectors to achieve health goals.

Capacity Building

Developing skills, systems, and structures to sustain health programs.

Community Engagement

Involving community members in planning, decision-making, and action.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Ischemic Heart Disease

Leading cause of death; heart-related blood flow blockage.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Cerebrovascular Diseases

Stroke and other brain blood vessel disorders.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases

Chronic lung diseases like COPD and related conditions.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Diabetes Mellitus

Chronic condition with high blood sugar; requires lifestyle management.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Tuberculosis

Bacterial infection affecting lungs and other organs; preventable and curable with treatment.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Neonatal Disorders

Health problems in newborns contributing to infant mortality.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Road Traffic Accidents

Fatal injuries from road traffic incidents.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Liver Diseases

Liver-related conditions such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Hypertensive Heart Disease

Heart disease related to high blood pressure.

Top Causes of Death 2023: Kidney Diseases

Chronic kidney disease and related conditions.

Top Morbidity 2023: Pneumonia

Lung infection causing morbidity and mortality.

Top Morbidity 2023: Sepsis Neo

Neonatal sepsis; life-threatening infection in newborns.

Top Morbidity 2023: Multiple Physical Injury

Injuries from accidents or violence leading to morbidity.

Top Morbidity 2023: Fractures

Broken bones contributing to morbidity and healthcare use.

Top Morbidity 2023: Abortion

Induced abortion contributing to morbidity statistics in some datasets.

Top Morbidity 2023: Acute Gastroenteritis

Inflammation of stomach/intestines causing illness.

Top Morbidity 2023: Cancer

Malignant growths across various sites contributing to morbidity.

Top Morbidity 2023: Wounds

Physical injuries causing morbidity and care needs.

Top Morbidity 2023: Cardiovascular Diseases

Range of heart and blood vessel diseases causing morbidity.

Top Morbidity 2023: Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix leading to illness.

Philippine Health Insurance Coverage

Health insurance coverage expanding to a large majority of the population.

Philippine Demographic Profile: Population

Total population size (e.g., approximately 115 million) used in planning.

Median Age

Middle value of age distribution representing the population’s age structure.

Urban Population

Proportion of people living in urban areas within the country.

Population Density

Number of people per unit area, e.g., per square kilometer.

Fertility Rate

Average number of births per woman over her lifetime.

Life Expectancy

Average expected lifespan at birth for a population.

Infant Mortality

Number of deaths of infants under one year per 1,000 live births.

Deaths Under Age 5

Number of deaths of children under five per 1,000 live births.