Endocrine System PT 2

The anterior pituitary gland:

is connected to the hypothalamus by the portal capillaries.

Which of the following is least characteristic of the function of insulin?

Increases the generation of ketone bodies

Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?

Anterior pituitary gland

Thyroxine:

T_4.

Obesity:

antagonizes insulin, elevates blood glucose levels, increases blood pressure (all is applicable)

Identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis.

Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone

Which of the following is not under the direct control of the pituitary gland?

Parathyroid secretion of PTH

Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?

Sugar, salt, and sex

Cushing syndrome and Addison’s disease are:

disorders of the adrenal cortex.

Iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland?

Thyroid

Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?

Secretion of PTH

Which of the following best describes the function of insulin?

Lowers blood glucose levels.

Steroids:

include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.

Myxedema, Graves’ disease, and cretinism are:

disorders of the thyroid gland.

Which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?

Pancreas

Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin:

are hormones.

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone:

control plasma levels of calcium

ACTH stimulates the:

adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.

The only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels is:

insulin.

The pancreas:

secretes hormones that affect blood glucose levels.

As plasma levels of calcium decrease:

the parathyroid glands secrete an osteoclastic hormone.

PTH:

stimulates osteoclastic activity.

Testosterone is best described as:

virilizing.

Growth hormone:

is secreted by the adenohypopphysis, stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system, is also called somatotropic hormone (all is applicable)

A deficiency of dietary iodine:

causes a goiter.

Enlargement of the thyroid gland:

is called a goiter.

ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins are:

tropic hormones.

Excess insulin is most apt to cause:

hypoglycemia.

T₃, T₄, and calcitonin are:

secreted by the thyroid gland

Which of the following is true of the hypothalamus?

Secretes releasing hormones into the portal capillaries

A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla:

is called a pheochromocytoma.

Which of the following is not a function of insulin?

Simulating hepatic gluconeogenesis

Which group is incorrect?

Steroids: cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, epinephrine

TSH:

is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.

What two effects does PTH exert on the kidneys?

Increases calcium reabsorption and increases the excretion of phosphate in the urine.

Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?

secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins.

The adrenal medulla:

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Identify the glands that secrete these hormones: glucagon, PTH, and TSH.

Pancreas, parathyroid, anterior pituitary

Hyperglycemia, glucosuria, polyuria, and acidosis are:

most apt to be caused by a deficiency of insulin.

Which of the following steroids is an androgen?

Testosterone

This adrenal cortical mineralocorticoid helps regulate salt and water balance.

Aldosterone

Which of the following is a function of parathyroid hormone?

It increases plasma levels of calcium.

Iodine-containing hormones:

regulate the metabolic rate.

Which of the following is descriptive of prolactin?

Also called lactogenic hormone.

Ketosis and acidosis are:

indicative of a rapid and incomplete metabolism of fatty acids.

This cone-shaped gland is located in the head and is called the “biological clock.”

Pineal

Abrupt, sudden withdrawal of prednisone (cortisol) is most likely to cause:

acute adrenal insufficiency.

Insulin:

is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin:

are secreted by the neurohypophysis.

The adrenal cortex:

is the target gland of ACTH.