IB HL Bio unit 5

Molecule that serves as energy currency of a cell

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

What type of monomer is ATP

Modified nucleotide

processes that ATP is a part of

• active transport

• anabolic reactions

• muscle contractions

• movment of cells or parts w/in cells

• many more

list the parts of an ATP diagram

nitrogenous base, ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups

Adenosine =

adenine + ribose

how is ATP like a spring

3 phosphate groups are negatively charged so they repel each other

bonds created when pushed together (imagine a spring)

ATP Hydrolysis

the third phosphate group is broken off, water molecule breaks bond between second and third phosphate group.

created ADP + P ( p is attached to another molecule when removed)

what does ADP stand for

Adenosine Diphosphate

ADP Phosphorylation

the process of adding a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP, often using energy from cellular respiration or photosynthesis (REQUIRES energy)

where do humans get the energy needed to perform ADP Phosphorylation

oxidative breakdown of food molecules

electromagnetic spectrum

all wavelengths from things that emit from the sun.

a small part is visible light ( wavelengths = 400-700)

pigments

molecules that absorb light. only certain pigments can absorb wavelengths.

wavelenghts

can be absorbed or reflected

what is a major synthetic pigment that plays a large role in photosynthesis

Chlorophyll, which absorbs mainly blue and red light and reflects green.

accessory pigments

molecules that absorb light and transfer it to chlorophyll for photosynthesis. ( xanthophyll, carotenoids)

chlorophyll

main pigment found in plants. chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b reflect green light and abosrbs other colors

this is what causes chloroplasts to appear green