physio anatomical & anatomical terms

Supine

on back/face up (keyword-spine)

Prone

lying face down

Anterior

front of the body

Posterior

back of body

Frontal

forehead/frontal lobe region

Scapular

scapula or shoulder blade area

Occipital

back of head or base of skull

Patellar

anterior knee(kneecap)

Calcaneal

heel

Antebrachial

forearm

Olecranal

back of elbow (posterior)

Axillary

region of armpit

Buccal

cheek area

Antecubital

front of elbow (anterior)

Carpal

wrist

Cephalic

head

Orbital

eye/eye sockets

Nasal

nose

oral

cavity of mouth

cervical

neck region

Thoracic

Chest Cavity

Sternal

breastbone(sternum)

Abdominal

region of abdomen

Umbilical

referring to naval

Pelvic

referring to pelvis

Inguinal

groin

Pubic

genital region

Acrominal

point of shoulder

Deltoid

lateral side of shoulder

digital

fingers

Back

Dorsal Region

Vertebral

referring to spinal column

lower limb

referring to leg

Coxal

hip

femoral

thigh

popliteal

back of knee

lumbar

lower back

sacral

between hips

gluteal

buttocks

Upper limb

arms

brachial

arm

Cural

leg

sural

calf

fibular

side of leg

tarsal

ankle

plantar

sole of foot

left

left of a body or structure

right

right of body or structure

Lateral

toward the side (away from midsaggital)

Medial

toward midsagittal

Sagittal

runs vertically from top to bottom, divides right and left portion

superior

toward the top of the body

inferior

toward the bottom of the body

dorsal

along the vertebral surface

Ventral

along the belly surface

Caudal\*\*

In animals toward the tail

Cephalad\*

in animals, toward the head

Proximal

toward the trunk, closest to the point of attachment

Distal

farthest from point of attachment

Visceral

toward internal organs;away from the outer wall

Parietal

toward the outer wall, away from organs

Deep

towards the insides, away from surface

Superficial

toward the surface

Medullary

referring to inner region

Cortical

referring the inner region of organ

Ipsilateral

same side of body

Contralateral

opposite side of body

RUQ

right upper quadrant; liver,gallbladder, stomach, small and large intestines

RLQ

right lower quadrant; small and large intestines, appendix

LUQ

Left Upper quadrant; Liver, stomach, spleen, small and large intestines

LLQ

left lower quadrant; small and large intestines, and sigmoid colon

Midsagittal

If the sagittal plane runs directly down the midline of the body

Parasagittal

Sagittal planes that are uneven (not down the midline) are called parasagittal

Transverse

also referred to as horizontal plane divides the body into top(superior) and bottom (inferior) portion, prefix trans means across

Coronal Plane

the frontal lane will leave you with a ¨front¨and back portion, plane runs vertically showing the anterior and posterior side.

Unilateral

involving one side of the body. ¨Uni¨=One

Bilateral

involving sides of the body, ¨Bi¨=both/two

ab

away from

ad

toward, near

ana

up,backward, against

ante

before,foreward

alb

white

angio

blood vessel, seed case

adip

fat

Dorsal Cavity

Cranial:House Brain

Vertebral: Houses spinal cord

Ventral Cavity

Thoracic, Abdominal, Pelvic

Thoracic contains?

heart, lungs,nerves, thrachea, esophagus, thymus gland, lymph nodes

Pericardial

around heart

Mediastinum

contains heart

Pleural

House the lungs

Aristotle

(384-322 BCE) was one of the first to study anatomy. Wrote ¨on the parts of animals¨ contains more than 500 species

Galen

(129-180) AD a roman surgeon. compared anatomy of humans to pigs. first person to note that the brain controls the muscles through signals from nerves and that arteries carried purest blood. “"prince of medicine”

Leonardo Da Vinci

Da Vinci dissected human bodies to better understand them for his paintings and provided over 200 drawings of bones, muscles, tendons etc. to contribute to human anatomy. Painted the Vitruvian Man portraying the ideal proportions of man.

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

Considered the founding father of modern human anatomy.Published work titled “On the Structure of the Human Body”. Stated that the heart had 4 chambers, the liver had 2 lobes, and blood vessels originate in the heart

William Harvey (1578-1657)

Considered the founding father of modern physiology. He was the first to understand that blood circulates continuously throughout the body.Stated that the heart is the central pump of the body

Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Worked separately but both made advancements in the understanding of cells

Robert Hooke

first identified and named cells after looking at cork

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

chronicled all types of cells, starting with bacteria he discovered in teeth scrapings

Axial

“midline” Includes the bones of the head, thorax/torso, abdomen, and inner pelvis (sacrum and coccyx)