Physics & Weather Test Review

Physics phun & Wacky Weather Test Review

Force

Push or pull

Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

Net Force

the sum of all forces acting on an object

Equilibrium or Balanced Force

the state in which the net force on an object is zero/combined forces that result in a zero net force on an object

Unbalanced Force

combined forces that result in a non-zero net force on an object.

Can cause objects to accelerate.

Normal Force

the perpendicular force that a surface exerts on an object that is pressing on it

2. George was walking with a force of 10 Newtons.  All of a sudden, a strong gust of wind with a force of 5 Newtons started in the opposite direction.  How did this affect George?

The gust of wind will cause George to slow down.

David kicked a soccer ball.  Name some unbalanced forces that could cause it to stop.

**friction** from grass, pebbles, etc; **air resistance**; **gravity**

Ms. Bottin went to the grocery store.  She grabbed an empty shopping cart, which had a mass of 14 kg.  While walking down one of the aisles, she noticed a full shopping cart that had a mass of 25 kg.  If Ms. Bottin applied the same force to both shopping carts, which one would accelerate faster?  Explain why.

**The 14 kg shopping car would accelerate faster since it has a smaller mass.**

2. Trent decided that he wanted to learn how to skateboard.  He applied force to his back foot, so he could roll forward.  How is this an example of action-reaction?

Action - he pushed back

Reaction - he goes forward

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Identify if the following refers to speed, velocity, or acceleration.

speed, velocity, or acceleration.



15 mph

Speed

Identify if the following refers to speed, velocity, or acceleration.

speed, velocity, or acceleration.

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32 m/s east

Velocity

Identify if the following refers to speed, velocity, or acceleration.

speed, velocity, or acceleration.

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12 cm/s2  

Acceleration

A car travels 528 km in 6 hours.  Calculate the car’s speed.

S=D/T

88 km/h

A soccer ball takes 20 s to roll 10 m. What is the average speed of the soccer ball?

S=D/T

0\.5m/s

How is velocity different from speed?

Velocity is a vector that contains a direction, speed does not.

 What are the two ways you can change acceleration?

Acceleration is when objects change in speed (speed up, slow down), 

                                                                      or change direction.

Joanne was riding her bike down a steep hill.  As she rides down the hill, what happens to the amount of potential energy and what happens to the amount of kinetic energy?

**The potential energy turns into kinetic energy!**

Examples Of Conduction

Example 1: heat from mug of hot chocolate warming your hands

Example 2: a pan on the stove gets warm from the heat coils

**Examples of Convection**

Example 1: warm air rising and cool air sinking in your home. 

Example 2: water boiling, steam rising, etc..

**Examples of Radiation**

Example 1:Sun melting popsicle

Example 2: a campfire or a lit candle

How has human activity impacted air quality?  

More carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses create lower quality air. These are created by an increase of the human population. Humans use cars and other conveniences (air conditioning, other means of transportation) that create smog & poor air quality.

How does density play a role in the atmosphere?

Density is responsible for convection, which is a mechanism for warming the atmosphere and cooling the earth. Convection is the transfer of heat through movement and circulation of mass in a fluid. Warmer air rises, which makes cooler air sink. As the air sinks closer to the Earth's surface, the air warms up.

How is ozone (O3) created?

Ozone is created when the kind of oxygen we breathe is split apart by sunlight into single oxygen atoms.

What is the process by which O3 destroyed?

Ozone layer depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer present in the upper atmosphere. This happens when the chlorine and bromine atoms in the atmosphere come in contact with ozone and destroy the ozone molecules.

What problem does the destruction of O3 pose?

More heat gets trapped in our atmosphere = melting ice; increased skin cancers and other damages. 

latitude Impact

How direct the sun is hitting a place greatly influences the climate. As latitudes increase, the average temperature cools. Conversely, as latitudes decrease, average temperatures increase. This can be understood through our planet's three climatic zones: the tropic zone, temperate zone, and polar zone

altitude impact

Usually as elevation increases the weather gets colder and the climate becomes harsher (more intense weathering: windier and colder). There is also less air as elevation increases. As elevation decreases on land that most live on, the climate gets warmer as well as more humid.

prevailing winds impact

Prevailing winds bring air from one type of climate to another.

distance from large body of water impact

Land masses near large bodies of water, especially oceans, change temperature as the oceans change temperature: slower and with less extreme fluctuations than land masses farther away.

ocean currents impact

Ocean currents act much like a conveyor belt, transporting warm water and precipitation from the equator toward the poles and cold water from the poles back to the tropics.

topography impact

 high elevations are cooler than low elevations because they have less atmosphere to trap heat. Higher altitudes are colder than lower latitudes because they receive less solar radiation during the winter months.

Identify The Polar Zone

The top zone

Identify The Temperate zone

Below the continental, at 40 degrees.

Identify The Tropical zone

Near the equator, 0 degrees.

What causes the uneven heating of the earth?

The earth is tilted on its axis and the rays of the sun are falling directly on the equator which produce heat at the equator more than the other region

How do convection currents create wind?

*Convection(rising air due to heat) lowers surface pressure creating a pressure gradient that tries to correct itself by having air move from higher pressure to the lower pressure area created by the rising air. This correction is wind.*

**Cold Front**

cold air advances towards the warm air lifting the warm air up.   Cold air is denser causing it to sink below warm air.

Weather Impact: violent weather

**Occluded Front**

an occluded front is a type of weather front formed during cyclogenesis.

Weather Impact: wide variety

**Stationary Front**

 results when neither cold air nor warm air advances. 

Weather Impact:  same weather

Warm front

warm air advances towards the cold air sliding over the cold air forming a gentle slope.

Weather Impact: wet weather

What is needed to form a tornado?

* 3 types of air masses: Warm, humid air rises while cool air falls. 
* low pressure systems 
*  The air masses add more energy to the already existing thunderstorm and create a tornado

describe how tornadoes impact ecosystems.

Tornadoes affect the environment by destroying buildings and trees. Tornadoes also kill animals, which effects the food chain and disrupts the whole environment

What is needed to form a hurricane?

* 1-warm ocean water must be present to provide a source of energy; 
* 2-moisture from the evaporating ocean must combine with heat energy to move the hurricane;  
* 3-wind patterns on the surface of the ocean must spiral inward.

Identify the role of the oceans in the formation of hurricanes.

Hurricanes start simply with the evaporation of warm seawater, which pumps water into the lower atmosphere. This humid air is then dragged aloft when converging winds collide and turn upwards.

How much nitrogen is in the Atmosphere?

78%

How much oxygen is in the Atmosphere?

21%

How much Argon is in the Atmosphere?

0\.9%

How much Other gases are in the Atmosphere?

0\.1%

Where does warm air rise in Sea/land breeze?

to the top

Where does cool air sink in sea/land breeze?

to the bottom

When does sea/land breeze occur?

anytime there is cold and warm air in an area

What is responsible for weather moving across the United States?

The jet stream is a narrow band of fast, flowing air currents located near the altitude of the tropopause that flow from west to east. The jet stream flows around the entire earth. They usually have a meandering, snake-like shape.

Gravity

**one of the main unbalanced force acting on things on earth**

Friction

the action of one surface or object rubbing against another, the force of friction depends on the type of surface and how hard they rub together, friction works AGAINST motion

Air resistance

the "friction" experienced by objects falling through the air that works opposite to motion

High Pressure System

Dense air mass that is usually cooler and drier than the surrounding air.

Low Pressure System

less dense air mass that is usually wetter and warmer than the surrounding air.

**What interaction contributes to the formation of hurricanes during late summer?**

**warm ocean water temperatures & warm air masses**

**What type of pressure is in a tornado?**

Very low

**How is a Tornado different than a hurricane?**

**Tornadoes are smaller, Tornadoes are short lived, and Tornadoes have stronger winds.**

**A Tornado is most likely to form during a:**

Thunderstorm

**how does tornado form**

**they form with warm and humid air**

**The boundary where two air masses meet is called a:**

Front

**How do ocean currents affect weather?**

**spreading heat from solar energy**

**Winds generally moves across the United States**

WEST TO EAST

**What is true about hurricanes?**

**Need rotational winds to develop, Need warm water to develop, and Need areas of low pressure to form.**

**Global winds are created by**

**Unequal heating of Earth's surface**

**Low Pressure Systems are often associated with what type of weather?**

**Rain, Snow/ Stormy weather**

**Low pressure systems usually bring**

**clouds, wind, & precipitation**

**Where do the warm water currents start?**

**At the equator**

**How does conduction heat transfer?**

**Through touch/contact**

**How does radiation heat transfer?**

**Through rays**

**How does convection heat transfer?**

**Through air and water**

**Type of heat transfer that drives wind?**

Convection

**Kinetic energy depends on**

mass and speed

**potential energy is...**

**energy that is stored in an object**

**Velocity is**

**An object’s speed AND direction at a given time**

**How do you get speed**

**Distance divided by time**