Ch. 11 Test Review

Industrialization

• A shift from hand made goods to machine made goods

• Large factories

Industry

• Branch of business that provides a certain product or service

Industrialist

An owner or manager of a large business

Invest

To put money into something offering potential profit

Charles Pillsbury

• One of MN's most prominent millers

St. Anthony Falls

• Located at the perfect spot: close to prairie and forest

Cadwallader Washburn

• Businessman, politician, and soldier; he started what would become General Mills

• Washburn-Crosby Co. made Gold Medal flour

Bushel

Unit of measurement for crops that equals 1.25 cubic feet

Wheat

• MN’s first export crop  

• MN was the #1 producer in the country (King Wheat)

Bonanza Farm

• Extremely large farm, grew one crop, usually wheat

• Wheat diseases, decline in soil nutrients, weeds and insects caused crops to fail

Frederick Weyerhaeuser

Founder of Weyerhaeuser Company, owned sawmills, paper factories, and large areas of forest land

Marine on St. Croix

• Location of MN's first commercial sawmill

  • operated 1839 to 1895

Stillwater

The center of MN lumbering in 1844

White Pine

• Tree that was in demand

• From 1890 to 1910, logging in Minnesota was in its heyday (peaked in 1905)

Lumberjack

• Workers who perform the harvesting and transport of trees for processing into forest products

• Winter work for farm boys

• A good Foreman and Cook made a camp a success

Paul Bunyan

Mythical Minnesota symbol of the Lumber Industry

Great Hinckley Fire

• September 1, 1894

• 418 people died

Iron Ore

• Rock or mineral from which iron can be removed

Henry Oliver

• Formed Oliver Iron Mining Company in 1890

  • Realized the potential of ore reserves

Iron Range

• The northeastern section of Minnesota. It is a region with multiple distinct bands of iron ore:

  • Mesabi

  • Vermillion

  • Cuyuna

• Many immigrants worked there (Finland)

Taconite

• Low-grade iron ore

• Considered waste rock until supply of high-grade ore decreased, then viewed it as a resource

3M

• Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing, founded in 1902

• First successful as maker of sandpaper

Milford Mine

• Home to the worst mining disaster in MN

• 41 miners were killed in 1924 when the mine filled with water from Lake Foley

The Secret Word for Chapter 11 is...

Glensheen Mansion

Natural Resources for the Flour Industry:

WATERFALLS, WHEAT, RICH FARMLAND, RIVERS

Natural Resources for the Lumber Industry:

WHITE PINE, RIVERS, WATERFALLS, FROZEN GROUND FOR TRANSPORTING LOGS

Natural Resources for the Iron Ore Industry:

IRON ORE, LAKE SUPERIOR

Machines for Flour Milling:

STEEL ROLLERS, MIDDLINGS PURIFIER, RAILROADS, TURBINES, WATER WHEELS, GRINDSTONES

Machines for Lumber Milling:

CROSSCUT SAWS, AXES, LOGGING CHAINS, HOOKS, HOT-WATER PUMPS, STEAM-POWERED SAWS, RAILROADS

Machines for Iron Ore Mining:

RAILROADS, ORE-LOADING DOCKS, SHIPS, STEAM-POWERED SHOVELS, STEAM-POWERED TRAINS

How did the Flour Industry affect the lives of Minnesotans?

PACKING FLOUR WAS ONE OF THE FEW MILL JOBS OPEN TO WOMEN, WORKERS WHO TENDED THE MACHINES HAD A DANGEROUS JOB AND WERE PAID WELL

How did the Lumber Industry affect the lives of Minnesotans?

LUMBERJACKS WERE PAID WELL FOR DANGEROUS WORK

How did the Iron Ore Industry affect the lives of Minnesotans?

MINERS WERE PAID LOW WAGES FOR DANGEROUS WORK

What made the Flour Industry successful in MN?

1.BONANZA FARMS
2. RAILROAD
3. WATER TRANSPORTATION

What made the Lumber Industry successful in MN?

1.VAST FORESTS OF WHITE PINE
2. WATER TRANSPORTATION

What made the Iron Ore Industry successful in MN?

1. MN HAS A LARGE SUPPLY OF IRON ORE AS A RESOURCE
2. MOST OF THE ORE IS LOCATED LESS THAN 100 MILES FROM LAKE SUPERIOR

How did farming help fuel the growth of the flour milling industry in Minnesota?

The rich, deep soil of the Minnesota prairie was ideal for growing wheat.  

As more land was farmed, the supply of wheat increased.  By the end of the 1800s, Minnesota was the leading wheat-producer in the nation

Why did the lumber industry decline in Minnesota?

Much of Minnesota's white pine had been cut down, and Minnesotans were not planting trees fast enough.  Sawmills closed, and logging operations moved west. Lumberjacks followed the companies west.

What were the intended consequences of the lumber industry?

1.lumber companies wanted to make $ by cutting trees and selling the lumber
2.clear the land for farming

What were the unintended consequences of the lumber industry?

1. enormous fires consumed entire towns and killed people
2. cut-over land did not make good farmland
3. white pine almost went extinct
4. fires encouraged the development of the conservative movement

What is iron ore and why is it important?

Iron ore is a rock or mineral from which iron can be removed.  When iron is removed, it is used as an ingredient to make steel.  Iron was in high demand in the late 1800s and early 1900s.  Steel was used in many ways: to make skyscrapers, autos, and railroads.

In a resource market, _________ goes into business and ________ go into households.

WORK

WAGES

In a product market, ________ goes into business and ________________________ go into households.

MONEY

GOODS AND SERVICES