LIPIDS

Triglycerides

➔ the fatty content of meat and fats in the body

Glycerol

◆ a small water-soluble compound

Fatty Acids

organic compounds with a chain of C atoms with H attached and an acid group at one end differ in chain length and saturation

Organic compounds

are any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen.

Chain length

refers to the number of carbon (C) in Fatty Acids (FA)

Saturation

 refers to its chemical structure especially the number of hydrogen (H) the C in the FA are holding

 Saturated Fatty Acids

◆ more H atoms attached to those C atoms

fully loaded with hydrogen and has only single bonds with C

Unsaturated fatty Acids

◆ H atoms are missing in the FA chains

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids

1 point of unsaturation (1 double bond)

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

◆ more points of unsaturation (more than 1 double bond)

Hard and Soft Fats

◆ Unsaturated FA

◆ soft at room temperature and melt more easily.

HYDROGENATION

➔ is the complete or incomplete oxidation or hydrolysis (break) when exposed to air, light, moisture and bacterial activity.

Essential Fatty Acids

◆ cannot be made from other substances in the body

Linoleic Acid

◆ Omega 6 Fatty Acids

◆ found in the seeds of plants and in the oils produced from the seeds

◆ some food sources are vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, whole grains

Linolenic Acid

◆ belongs to a family of PUFA

contains EPA and DHA that are found primarily in fish oils

Phospholipids

➔ found in brain, bile and nerve tissues

➔ formed in all cells of the body

some are circulated in the blood to combine with fatty metabolites make phospholipids more H2O soluble

Cholesterol

◆ most familiar sterol

Ergosterol

Sterol from plant

Calciferol

Sterol from fish liver oils

➔ Excretion

◆ Bile is released into the SI to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats.

◆ After digestion, it is reabsorbed into the body and recycled, the rest are excreted in the feces.

◆ while bile is in the SI, some of it maybe trapped by soluble fibers or by some medications, which carry it out of the body in feces.

the excretion of bile reduces the total amount remaining in the body.

Transport

◆ cholesterol packaged with other lipids and proteins leaves the liver via the arteries and is transported to the body tissues by the blood

◆ the packaged between lipid and proteins is called lipoproteins

as it travels through the body it can extract lipids and it may form deposits that can contribute to atherosclerosis, a disease that cause heart attacks and strokes

low density lipoprotein

BAD, form deposits of cholestero

high density lipoprotein

will trapped and deliver cholesterol out from the body

TRANS FATS

➔ type of fat that has certain chemical properties that will increase blood cholesterol level and the risk for heart disease.