ENZYMES (Part 1)

Substrate → Active site → Enzyme substrate complex → Product

How Enzymes Work?

One type

Enzymes are very specific, meaning each enzyme can only bind to ___________ of substrate.

“ase”

Enzymes were named by adding the suffix _______ to the name of the substrate.

Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

Pancreatic Enzymes that act on Proteins

Lipase

Pancreatic secretions

Trypsin

Pancreatic secretions

Chymotrypsin

Pancreatic secretions

Pancreatic Amylase

Enzyme found in Mouth and Pancreas, which hydrolyzes starch and the partial digestion.

Pepsin

Enzyme found in Stomach (Gastric secretion), made up of HCl and is the main Gastric Enzyme that acts on protein materials.

Catalase

Enzyme found in Blood and Liver, that breaks hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen which causes it to form bubbles in Blood.

Troponin T & Troponin I

Cardiac Enzymes

Mitochondrial Enzymes

Enzymes found in Cells

Succinic Dehydrogenase

Example of Mitochondrial Enzyme that Oxidases

Cytochrome Oxidase

Example of Mitochondrial Enzyme that Oxidases

Hydrogen Peroxide

Toxic to Cells, but eliminated by Peroxisomes

H2O and Oxygen

Hydrogen Peroxide is eliminated by its conversion to ___________ in room temperature.

10^20

Power of Release of Hydrogen (Catalytic Power)

Catalase (Catalysis)

Function of Enzymes

Substrate

The substance upon which the enzyme acts on

Starch (substrate)

Amylose

Urea (substrate)

Urease

(H2O2) Hydrogen Peroxide (substrate)

Catalase

Fat/ Oil (substrate)

Lipase

Sucrose (substrate)

Sucrase

Nucleic acid (substrate)

Nuclease

Papaya (substrate)

Papain

Pineapple (substrate)

Bromelain

Maltose (substrate)

Maltase

Lactose (substrate)

Lactase

do not

Enzymes ________ undergo chemical change

Catalytic Power

Speed up chemical reactions, but do not undergo chemical change

Rigid

The shape of the Enzyme in the Lock and Key Model is _________

True

Decreased activation energy → Increased chemical reaction of Enzyme

Trypsinogen

Inactive Proenzyme of Pancreas

Pepsinogen

Proenzyme of Pancreatic Enzyme (Pepsin)

Trypsinogen

Proenzyme of Pancreatic Enzyme (Trypsin)

Chymotrypsinogen

Proenzyme of Pancreatic Enzyme (Chymotrypsin)

Fibrinogen

Proenzyme of Blood (Fibrin)

Prothrombin

Proenzyme of Blood (Thrombin)

Apoenzyme

Is the Protein component of an Enzyme

Coenzyme

Organic (Partner of Apoenzyme) and a Non Protein part

Cofactor

Inorganic (Metal ions) and Non Protein part

Zinc, Mg, Fe+2, Ca+2, Cu

Metal ions in Cofactor

Holoenzymes

Has a Protein and Non Protein component, that formed by (Apoenzyme and Cofactor) or (Apoenzyme and Coenzyme).