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Typical neural communication
Sensory receptors detect the sensation
Sensory info passes along afferent tract of PNS, to spinal cord and then brain
Interneurons in the brain communicate with motor neurons (response is coordinated)
Motor info passes along efferent tract of PNS and then to the effector site
Effector site (skeletal muscles) receive info and carry out response
Conscious response
Goal-orientated response
Always involves info being processed in the brain
Unconcious response
Fight/flight/freeze and spinal reflex
Doesn’t always involve the brain
Neuron
Individual nerve cell that sends neural messages
“Responsible for transmitting, receiving and processing info” - signal travels
Glia/glial cells)
Support neurons by holding them in place
Provide insulation, nutrients, support, repair and eliminate waste products
Dendrites
Detect and receive neurotransmitters (neural info) from pre-synaptic neurons on its receptor sites
Branch like things near soma
Nucleus
Contains DNA and is responsible for keeping cell alive
Hole/dark circle
Cell body (soma)
Integrates info received from dendrites and transmits to axon
Area around dendrites
Myelin sheath
Fatty insulator that prevents neural signal from being lost
Increases speed of neural signal
Looks like marshmallows
Axon
Transmits electrical signal (action potential) from cell body to terminal buttons
Inside myelin sheath
Axon terminal
Stores neurotransmitters in vesicles, and are released into synaptic gap from here
Terminal buttons
At the end of axon terminals
Synapse
Gap between axon terminals (neurons) and dandrites, enabling communication through released neurotransmitters
Pre-synaptic neuron
“Sending cell”
Releases neural signal
Post-synaptic neuron
“Receiving cell”
Receives neural info
