Lab C ardiac

Functional syncutium

Heart refreed to single cell formed by the fusion of smaller cells

Branched

The converge and discourage the forms spiraling layers of muscle

Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle is the muscle tissue that makes up the myocardium (the thick heart wall that pumps).

It is:

• involuntary (you don’t control it)

• striated (striped like skeletal muscle)

• branched

• has intercalated discs to spread electrical signals fast

Branched fibers

Heart muscle cells that branch and link together

The sound created by regurgitation of blood from left ventricle into the left atrium is an example of a heart murmur. Named three atomic structures whose failure to function properly could use this particular murmur.

✅ Three anatomical structures that could fail and cause this murmur:

1. Mitral (bicuspid) valve cusps/leaflets (don’t close properly)

2. Chordae tendineae (could rupture or stretch)

3. Papillary muscles (could weaken or rupture and stop holding the valv

from the right ventricle all the way to the coronary sinus with the minimum number of valve must be passed

✅ Three anatomical structures that could fail and cause this murmur:

1. Mitral (bicuspid) valve cusps/leaflets (don’t close properly)

2. Chordae tendineae (could rupture or stretch)

3. Papillary muscles (could weaken or rupture and stop holding the valv

As blood travels from the pulmonary chalk to the left HR, what will happen to its blood context and vice versa with the ascending a order to the right ventricle what will happen to its carbon dioxide content?

1. Oxygen increase

2. Carbohydrate increase

. coronary sinus function in place.

What are the blood vessels branching from the left coronary artery?

Anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery

What are the blood vessels separating from the right coronary art?

Posterior interventricular artery and marginal artery

. what are the coronary veins and where are they?

• Great cardiac pain - anterior of the heart above anterior intraventiculer artery

• Middle cardiac vein -posterior of the heart above the posterior interventricular artery

• small vein -between the sulcus of the right atrium and the right ventricle

. what is the function of the coronary sinus?

.The coronary sinus is a large vein that:

✅ collects deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle (myocardium)

and then

✅ drains it into the right atrium.

So basically: it’s the main “drainpipe” for the heart’s own blood supply.

Since the coronary sinus gets its blood from the myocardium itself, the myocardium gets its blood from where?

The myocardium gets its blood from the

coronary arteries

.

Those coronary arteries branch off the ascending aorta (right after blood leaves the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve).

So the flow is:

Left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → ascending aorta → coronary arteries → myocardium

Then after the myocardium uses the oxygen:

cardiac veins → coronary sinus → right atrium

What is the all-or-none law of heart?

.✅ If a cardiac muscle cell is stimulated enough to reach threshold, it will contract with full strength.

❌ If it does not reach threshold, it will not contract at all.

So basically:

No weak “half contractions.” It’s either a full contraction or nothing.

(And this applies to the heart as a functional unit — atria contract as a unit, and ventricles contract as a unit.)

• Carotid = head

• Subclavian = arm

• Brachiocephalic = only on the RIGHT side

• Carotid = head

• Subclavian = arm

• Brachiocephalic = only on the RIGHT side

Patent Foramen Ovale

When the foreman OVO didn’t close after childbirth

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

Listen too much blood to the lungs