Principles of Pharmacology
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Flashcards about Pharmacology for EMTs
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91 Terms
Pharmacology
The science of drugs.
Pharmacodynamics
A process by which medication works on the body.
Agonist
Causes stimulation of receptors.
Antagonist
Binds to a receptor and blocks other medications or chemicals.
Action
The therapeutic effect that a medication is expected to have on the body.
Pharmacokinetics
Actions of the body upon the medication or chemical.
Indications
Reasons or conditions for giving a medication.
Contraindications
Harmful effects of a medication.
Generic name
A simple, clear, nonproprietary name of a medication.
Trade name
Manufacturer’s brand name of a medication.
Enteral medications
Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.
Parenteral medications
Medications that enter the body by some other means than the digestive system.
Absorption
The process by which medications travel through body tissues to the bloodstream.
Per rectum (PR)
By rectum.
Oral or per os (PO)
By mouth.
Intravenous (IV)
Into the vein.
Intraosseous (IO)
Into the bone.
Subcutaneous (SC)
Beneath the skin.
Intramuscular (IM)
Into the muscle.
Inhalation
Inhaled into the lungs.
Sublingual (SL)
Under the tongue.
Transcutaneous/Transdermal
Through the skin.
Intranasal (IN)
Into the nostril via a mucosal atomizer device.
Capsules
Gelatin shells filled with powdered or liquid medication.
Solution
Liquid mixture of substances; will not separate by filtering or letting it stand.
Suspension
Substance that does not dissolve well in liquids; will separate if it stands or is filtered.
Metered-Dose Inhalers
Liquids or solids broken into small enough droplets or particles that may be inhaled.
Topical Medications
Applied to the skin surface and affect only that area.
Oral glucose
Sugar that cells use for energy, used to treat hypoglycemia.
Aspirin
Reduces fever, pain, and inflammation and inhibits platelet aggregation.
Nitroglycerin
Relieves angina pain, increases blood flow, and relaxes veins.
Epinephrine
Controls fight-or-flight response; primary medication for IM delivery; also called adrenaline.
Naloxone
Used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose.
Drugs and medications
Pharmacology is the field of science that deals with the study of:
Do not require a physician prescription
Over-the-counter drugs:
Intravenous
Which route of medication administration has the fastest effect?
Deliver the same dose each time it is administered
When administered to a patient, a metered-dose inhaler will:
Confirm the order with medical control
A patient with a blood pressure of 84/64 needs what before you assist in taking prescribed nitroglycerin?
Binds to chemicals in the stomach and delays absorption
Activated charcoal is indicated for patients who have ingested certain drugs and toxins because it:
Expected effect of a drug on the patient’s body
With regard to pharmacology, the term “action” refers to the:
Conscious patient who is showing signs of hypoglycemia
Which of the following patients is the BEST candidate for oral glucose?
Bronchodilation and vasoconstriction
Epinephrine is given to patients with anaphylactic shock because of its effects of:
Absorption
The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called:
Pharmacology
The science of drugs.
Pharmacodynamics
A process by which medication works on the body.
Agonist
Causes stimulation of receptors.
Antagonist
Binds to a receptor and blocks other medications or chemicals.
Action
The therapeutic effect that a medication is expected to have on the body.
Pharmacokinetics
Actions of the body upon the medication or chemical.
Indications
Reasons or conditions for giving a medication.
Contraindications
Harmful effects of a medication.
Generic name
A simple, clear, nonproprietary name of a medication.
Trade name
Manufacturer’s brand name of a medication.
Enteral medications
Medications that enter the body through the digestive system.
Parenteral medications
Medications that enter the body by some other means than the digestive system.
Absorption
The process by which medications travel through body tissues to the bloodstream.
Per rectum (PR)
By rectum.
Oral or per os (PO)
By mouth.
Intravenous (IV)
Into the vein.
Intraosseous (IO)
Into the bone.
Subcutaneous (SC)
Beneath the skin.
Intramuscular (IM)
Into the muscle.
Inhalation
Inhaled into the lungs.
Sublingual (SL)
Under the tongue.
Transcutaneous/Transdermal
Through the skin.
Intranasal (IN)
Into the nostril via a mucosal atomizer device.
Capsules
Gelatin shells filled with powdered or liquid medication.
Solution
Liquid mixture of substances; will not separate by filtering or letting it stand.
Suspension
Substance that does not dissolve well in liquids; will separate if it stands or is filtered.
Metered-Dose Inhalers
Liquids or solids broken into small enough droplets or particles that may be inhaled.
Topical Medications
Applied to the skin surface and affect only that area.
Oral glucose
Sugar that cells use for energy, used to treat hypoglycemia.
Oral glucose Dosage
Adult: 12.5-25 g
Pediatric: 0.5-1 g/kg
Aspirin
Reduces fever, pain, and inflammation and inhibits platelet aggregation.
Aspirin Dosage
Adult: 160 to 325 mg PO
Pediatric: Not recommended
Nitroglycerin
Relieves angina pain, increases blood flow, and relaxes veins.
Nitroglycerin Dosage
Adult: 0.4 mg SL; may repeat every 5 minutes, maximum of 3 doses
Pediatric: Not recommended
Epinephrine
Controls fight-or-flight response; primary medication for IM delivery; also called adrenaline.
Epinephrine Dosage
Adult: 0.3-0.5 mg IM/SC (1:1,000)
Pediatric: 0.01 mg/kg IM/SC (1:1,000), maximum of 0.3 mg
Naloxone
Used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose.
Naloxone Dosage
Adult: 0.4-2 mg IN/IM/IV; may repeat every 2-3 minutes
Pediatric: 0.01 mg/kg IN/IM/IV; may repeat every 2-3 minutes
Drugs and medications
Pharmacology is the field of science that deals with the study of:
Do not require a physician prescription
Over-the-counter drugs:
Intravenous
Which route of medication administration has the fastest effect?
Deliver the same dose each time it is administered
When administered to a patient, a metered-dose inhaler will:
Confirm the order with medical control
A patient with a blood pressure of 84/64 needs what before you assist in taking prescribed nitroglycerin?
Binds to chemicals in the stomach and delays absorption
Activated charcoal is indicated for patients who have ingested certain drugs and toxins because it:
Expected effect of a drug on the patient’s body
With regard to pharmacology, the term “action” refers to the:
Conscious patient who is showing signs of hypoglycemia
Which of the following patients is the BEST candidate for oral glucose?
Bronchodilation and vasoconstriction
Epinephrine is given to patients with anaphylactic shock because of its effects of:
Absorption
The process by which medications travel through body tissues until they reach the bloodstream is called:
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