migration test

what term is characterized as: from local to global and daily to once in a lifetime

what term is characterized as: from local to global and daily to once in a lifetime

mobility

what are four examples of periodic movement?

migrant labor, transhumance, military service, college

what term is characterized as: difference between immigrants and emigrants

net migration

what push and pull factor is characterized as: some countries are unbalanced, gender wise, young population = country faces risk of overpopulation

demographic

what are the five significant global movement in history in order?

colonial expansion, transatlantic slavery, ethnic chinese, south asia, europe to USA and South america and Siberia

what type of migration is characterized as: permanent movement from one country to another

international

what type of international migration is characterized as: permanent movement undertaken by choice

voluntary

what type of voluntary migration is characterized as: across international borders

transnational

what type of voluntary migration is characterized as: within international borders

internal

what type of voluntary migration is characterized as: following relatives

chain

what type of voluntary migration is characterized as: series of small, less extreme moves

step

what type of voluntary migration is characterized as: looking for economic opportunities

rural to urban

what type of international migration is characterized as: permanent movement, usually compelled by cultural factors

forced

what type of forced migration is characterized as: forced to migration for similar reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

displaced persons

what type of forced migration is characterized as: someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee

asylum seekers

what factors of migration are voluntary migration?

economic or environmental

what factors of migration are forced migration?

cultural or environmental

what kind of migration is characterized as: permanent move within the same country

internal

what kind of internal migration is characterized as: across regions, historically rural to urban for jobs

interregional

what kind of internal migration is characterized as: within regions, usually within urban areas from older cities to newer suburbs

intraregional

who was the German geographer who created the laws of migration?

e. g. ravenstein

what law of migration is characterized as: most migrants travel a short distance, farther the distance less likely to migrate there, called distance decay, expanded to time-distance decay in the 60's

short distances

what term is characterized as: things near each other are more closely connected than things that are far apart

time-distance decay

what law of migration is characterized as: migrants traveling long distances usually settle in large urban areas because they believe there will be more opportunity, gravity model of migration

urban areas

what term is characterized as: greater pull in larger communities + the assumption that people tend to leave larger communities than small

gravity model of migration

what law of migration is characterized as: most migration occurs through step-migration

multiple steps

what law of migration is characterized as: most migration in history has been from rural to urban areas, industrial revolution led to a decrease in the need for laborers on farms

rural to urban

what law of migration is characterized as: each migration flow produces a movement in the opposite direction

counter migration

what law of migration is characterized as: most migrants are younger adults between ages 20 and 45, usually not as established with jobs or families, more likely to improve fortunes

youth

what law of migration is characterized as: most international migrants are young males looking for work

gender patterns

what migration resulted in the formation of ethnic enclaves?

chain

what term is characterized as: neighborhoods primarily filled with people of the same ethnic group

ethnic enclaves

in what years did European countries race to colonize North America?

1500-1700

in what year was North America primarily claimed by England, France, and Spain?

1700

in what years were enslaved Africans migrants to North America?

1600-1808

in what years was Northern and Western Europe (Irish, Germans, Scandanavians) migrants to North America?

1808-1890

in what years was Southern and Eastern Europe (Italians, Greeks, Jews, Slavic peoples) migrants to North America?

1890-1920

in what years was there hardly any immigration to North America?

1925-1945

in what years was Latin America (Mexico, Cuba) and Asia (China, Vietnam, India) migrants to North America?

1965-present

what policy encouraging immigration is characterized as: government gave land to settlers willing to farm it for 5 years (1862)

homestead act

what policy encouraging immigration is characterized as: hard, unpleasant work citizens dont want to do

guest worker programs

does the U.S. giving visas to well-educated immigrants encourage or discourage immigration?

encourage

does family reunification policies encourage or discourage immigration?

encourage

does quick migration for refugees in emergency situation encourage or discourage immigration?

encourage

does giving foreign college students the right to become permanent residents after graduation encourage or discourage immigration?

encourage

does establishing educational standards or restricting work for immigrants encourage or discourage immigration?

discourage

what policies discouraging immigration describe: immigration quotas

emergency quota act of 1921 and immigration act of 1924

what term is characterized as: a strong dislike of people who practice another culture

xenophobia

is immigrants taking jobs encouraging or discouraging immigration?

discouraging

what policy discouraging immigration is characterized as: xenophobic-driven, first anti-immigrant US law

chinese exclusion act

what country has anti-immigration policies such as preserving cultural homogeneity, and has a very restrictive permanent immigration?

japan

what effect on countries of origin are characterized as: relief from overcrowding, Zelinsky's migration transition model

positive

what effect on countries of origin are characterized as: if working-age people leave then population is skewed towards the elderly, brain drain

negative

what effect is characterized as: immigrants make cultural contributions to their new countries, immigrants tend to be highly motivated to get an education and work hard, often open up small businesses that are service-oriented

effects on receiving countries

what term is characterized as: money sent to family members still in the country of origin

remittances

what term is characterized as: spacial interaction; diffusion; distribution; patterns

movement

what term is characterized as: a daily routine that takes them through a sequence of short moves

activity spaces

what is an example of an activity space?

daily commute

what type of movement is characterized as: movement that has a closed route

cyclical

what are three examples of cyclical movement?

snowbirds, nomadism, daily classes

what type of movement is characterized as: movement away from home for a longer period

periodic movement

what term is characterized as: moving livestock to pastures based on season (rain, temperature)

transhumance

what term is characterized as: the permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one place to another

migration

what term is characterized as: migration TO a location

immigration

what term is characterized as: migration FROM a location

emigration

what term is characterized as: immigrants > emigrants, net migration is positive

net-in migration

what term is characterized as: immigrants < emigrants, net migration is negative

net-out migration

where do people usually emigrate?

poor countries

where do people usually immigrate?

rich countries

is migration usually voluntary?

yes

what term is characterized as: away from someplace, usually negative

push factors

what term is characterized as: towards someplace, usually positive

pull factors

what push and pull factor is characterized as: most common reason is lack of jobs and economic opportunities

economic

what push and pull factor has these obstacles: a migrant lacks enough money to reach a destination

economic

what push and pull factor is characterized as: discrimination and persecution because of their ethnicity, race, gender, or religion

social

what push and pull factor has these obstacles: a migrant gets married to someone who lives along the migration routes and settles in that person's community

social

what push and pull factor is characterized as: people who oppose the policies of the government often migrate because they face persecution, arrest, and discrimination

political

what push and pull factor has these obstacles: a migrant cannot get a visa needed to enter a country

political

what push and pull factor is characterized as: to escape harm from natural disasters, drought, and other unfavorable conditions

environmental

what push and pull factor has these obstacles: a migrant cannot cross sea, desert, or mountain range

environmental

what term is characterized as: deterioration of land to a desert-like condition typically due to human action

desertification

population increase + low rainfall =

overpopulation