cognition + intelligence

accomodation

to adjust or modify a schema

accomodation example

a kid thinks that large dogs w/ big mouths may bite him. His grandmother explains not all big dogs bite after she brings them to seeing eye dog foundation event and learns that dogs are friendly

assimilation

adding to existing schema

assilimation word to know

piaget

prototype

a perfect example that most people would recognize if i said a fruit would be apple, as its recognizable

schema

a framework that helps ur organize our information

convergent thinking

there is only one correct way and other opinions will not be considered

divergent thinking

creativity- there may be many solutions or ideas to be considered

functional fixedness

being able to use an object for something other than its normal use, like a notebook to kill a fly

using algorithm

to find olive oil, you start at aisle 1 and go down every aisle until found

using heuristics

a mental shortcut- to find oil, they may avoid an aisle w/ cleaning supplies and go right to baking section

availability heuristic

you make a judgement about the probability something might be true, like a lawyer being rich

mental set

approach a situation the same way you did before it worked in the past. You may wait until the last minute to finish the work, which works, but they you miss a deadline

framing

2 diff ways to look at the same thing

priming

one stimulus can influence the response to the next stimulus

gambler’s fallacy

you think something should happen because it had not in a while, in reality odds didn’t change

sunk cost fallacy

you put time/energy and money into something and you don't wanna waste it so you stay in

intelligence

gain knowledge from experience

intelligence is…

genetic— identical twins they should be more similar than other types

growth mindset

ability & intelligence can be developed through dedication and effort

fixed mindset

intelligence is predetermined and cannot be changed

IQ formula

(Mental Age/Chronological Age) x 100

IQ testing

measures intelligence— predicts success in school

standardization (testing)

making sure everyone takes the same test under the same conditions— fair

family income and test scores relationship

positive correlation

if standard deviation is smaller

lines are closer together

aptitude (testing)

tests for potential to do something, like enter miltary

achievement test

test on a specific content area or subject— AP exam

validity

how well a test measures what it is supposed to

relatability

looking for similar results at different times of day

Predictive

how well can the results forecast the future, like an aptitude test

flynn effect

IQs are higher now than in the past