Language Disorders 1 test 3 (assessment)

When a child is younger, we refer to an impairment of language as a

language delay

Early intervention is from

birth to 3 years

Early intervention is founded by Federal Government

true

In Mississippi, is First Steps governed by the Health Department?

yes

What are some early intervention of infants and toddlers at risk for developmental delay?

• down syndrome

• cleft palate

• cerebral palsy

• medical conditions

• visual/hearing impairments

• communication

• ASD

In Mississippi, First Steps provides intervention and assessment for children 0- 3 years.

true

Screening is _____ for First Steps or any place that receives federal money

required

What is one screening instrument SLP uses?

Battelle Developmental Inventory Screener- 2nd edition

Agencies that are receiving federal money through the health department to first steps will

have to follow specific federal and state guidelines

You do not have to follow federal guidelines if you don’t receive federal money for your practice?

true

The Battelle Development… screening reveals a

pass or refer status

• pass=assessment not recommended

• refer=assessment recommended

The BDI-2 screener screens what 5 domains of development?

1. adaptive (self-help)

2. personal- social (interactions with others)

3. communication (receptive/expressive speech & language)

4. motor (fine/gross motor skills)

5. cognitive (problem solving, thinking)

The five domains of development function together during

childhood development

Deficits in one of the developmental domains can lead to deficits in one or more other domains.

true

How do we determine if the domains need to be assessed or not based on the BDI-2 screener?

• correct answers are added to equal raw score

• determine cut score for each domain

• compare raw of each domain score to cut score

If the child scores above cut score, that domain is passed

If child scores below cut score, that domain needs to be evaluated

What does screening include?

• information from parents/caregivers, daycare workers, teachers, other professionals

• hearing screening (newborn screening)

• results from formal/informal screening instrument

When you can’t condition a child for hearing screening, you must

try another method

What should you do if there isn’t any information saying the child has adequate hearing?

refer them

• refer to doctor and doctor can refer to ENT

Screening is not diagnostic.

true

If a preschool child fails the screening or has been referred they receive a

comprehensive speech and language assessment

The comprehensive speech and language assessment should include collaborative effort from

child’s caregiver, teachers, SLP, and other professionals

• do not have to be physically present

Never assess a child without

written consent

What should a comprehensive assessment include?

• case history

• parent/teacher interview (ethnographic interview)

• hearing screening

• oral mechanism examination

• formal/informal testing

What should be included in a case history for assessments?

• birth

• development

• medical

• family history

During assessments, it is important to know what language is spoken in the home.

true

For assessments, it is important to look as feeding and swallowing.

true

is informal testing testing?

yes

When children are two years old what type of formal or informal type of testing will be used?

play based

What aspects of receptive and expressive language should be look for

• phonology

• semantics

• morphology

• syntax

• pragmatics

• voice/fluency

• gestures/body language

• play

• cognition

What does an ethnographic interview look like?

• should not resemble an interrogation

• don’t ask questions that require one-word responses

• open-ended questions

• used to provide description of life experiences

When testing for disorders of any age, more than one way of testing is used to get an accurate view of communication functioning.

true

What are the 3 most common methods of assessment that SLP use to determine communicative functioning?

1. norm-referenced

2. criterion referenced

3. authentic

When using public testing instruments, always use the most recently published edition.

true

A combination of assessment methods are used to gather information pertaining to communication.

true

Norm-referenced test are always

standardized

What is a norm-referenced test?

test that allow a comparison of an individual’s performance to a normative sample

The GRE, ACT, and SAT are

norm-referenced tests

A norm-referenced test is administered to a large diverse population to determine the ____

mean

What is the mean?

the average performance of the normative sample on the test

What is the mean and standard deviation for our tests?

mean: 100

standard deviation: 15

Individuals who score within one standard deviation, high or low, of the mean are considered to have

average communication skills in the area test

Individuals who score below one standard deviation from the mean are considered to have

an impairment in the area tested

What is the testing procedure for norm-reference testing?

• client is administered norm-reference test

• number of correct responses determines raw score

• based on clients chronological age, raw score is converted to standard score, percentile rank, and age

• client’s standard score is compared to the mean for the test

What is the first step in the testing procedure for norm-referenced tests?

the client is administered the norm-referenced test

What is the second step in the testing procedure for norm-referenced tests?

the number of correct responses determines the raw score

What is the third step in the testing procedure for norm-referenced tests?

Based on client’s chronological age, the raw score is converted to standard score, percentile rank, age/ grade equivalency

What is the final step in the testing procedure for norm-referenced tests?

the client’s standard score is compared to the mean for the test

What are examples of specific norm-referenced tests that are used?

• Rossetti Infant-Toddler Scale

• MacArthur-Bates Communication Developmental Inventory

• Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Test-4 (REEL)

• Developmental Assessment of Young Children-2

What percent of children will score one standard deviation from the mean?

68%

What is the average percentile norm-reference tests give?

50

When converting a raw score into a standard score for norm-referenced tests, how do we calculate chronological age?

• subtract client’s birthday from the date of the evaluation

• year-month-day

remember to borrow years and months if needed

When concerning a norm-referenced test, what is the basal?

the basal is what allows you to have a starting point on the test based on chronological age.

• get 5 consecutive responses right and basal is established

When concerning a norm-referenced test, what is the ceiling?

the amount of wrong responses clients can get before stopping the test

• get 5 incorrect and ceiling is established

After you figure out the basal and ceiling you determine the raw score by

counting the number of correct responses

• remember everything before the basal is considered correct so count those too

Before you can administer a norm-referenced test, you must

read the test manual

norm-referenced test must be administered exactly how the manual states.

true

If you do not follow the instructions in the test manual, the test will be invalid.

true

A norm-reference test is always standardized.

true

A criterion-reference test may or may not be standardized.

true

Does a criterion-referenced test attempt to compare an individual’s performance to the average of a group?

no

What is a criterion-referenced test?

test that identifies what an individual cannot do based on a predefined criterion

• more based on developmental norms

When are criterion-referenced tests typically used?

when testing infants, toddlers, and preschool children

What is a type of criterion-referenced test that is standardized?

the Battelle Development Inventory-2

The predefine criterion for the BDI-2 is

developmental norms

What is an example of a criterion-referenced test?

Transdisciplinary Play-based Assessment

What test is also criterion-referenced?

REEL

Criterion-referenced test that are standardized along with authentic testing is what SLP’s typically use?

true

Criterion-referenced testing can be play-based testing.

true

Is criterion-referenced testing more difficult to report behavior than it is to report standard score?

yes

What is the REEL (Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Test-4) ?

• criterion-reference test that is norm-referenced

• the mean is 100

• can be administered through observation and interview

Can the REEL be administered through observation and interview?

yes

Reporting the raw score in your diagnostic report has no value.

true

What is authentic testing?

assessment that identifies what a client can and cannot do.

Which form of testing is more realistic and natural and allows us to assess communicative function in a setting similar to real life?

authentic testing

a play based assessment is a type of authentic method that is used for testing infants, toddlers, and preschoolers.

true

Speech-language sampling is what type of testing?

authentic testing

What happens during a speech/language sample?

• video-audio record the sample

• identify all utterances to determine MLU, phonological inventory, semantics, syntax, morphology, pragmatics, voice, fluency, or type-token ratio

What should you identify during the assessment?

• functional/symbolic use of objects

• number/types of gestures

• facial expressions

• joint attention

• imitation skills

• prelinguistic skills

• parent/child interaction

_______ provide important information pertaining to current and emerging communicative behaviors

Parent/caregivers

What is an example of symbolic gestures?

Babies using gestures very early in life like reaching toward a desired object or arms up when wanting to be held

What are the different type of gestures?

1. Deictic

2. Recognitory

3. Gesture-word

4. Supplemental combinations

Gestures that refer to something near the child are defined as

Deictic gestures

Point to or reaching for an object is an example of type of gestures

Example of deictic gestures

When do recognitory gestures emerge?

Prior to child having 25 words expressively

Recognitory gestures

Representational gestures symbolizing an object

A child running with arms extended to symbolize an airplane is an example of what the of gesture?

Recognitory gesture

In toddlerhood when more words are acquired, what happens?

Recognitory gestures decrease and deictic gestures increase.

Which type of gestures convey matching information such as pointing to juice and glass to indicate wanting juice poured in the glass.

Gesture-word combinations

Which type of gestures convey different cross-modality information?

Supplemental combinations

Gesturing “throw” while holding a ball is an example of what?

Supplemental combinations

The two symbol information found in supplemental combinations is associated with

Advances in expressive language

Why do we need to know and asses types of gestures?

• to determine if use of gestures is age appropriate

• To determine what type of gestures to use during treatment

If a child is using deictic and representational gestures, you should start with

Language stimulation and then introduce some gesture-word combinations

If there is a lack of using gestures, that is an indication of

Autism

One measure of play is the level of engagement. What are the level?

• unengaged

• Neutral

• Engaged

What is unengaged play?

The child is inattentive to the play activity or displays of negative behavior such as pulling away, physically resisting, crying, or physically pulling away

What is neutral engagement?

looking at adult or toy but not interacting in the play activity

• not following the play sequence

If you are playing peek-a-boo with a child having cover over their head, but they pull cover off immediately instead of waiting for “where’s baby” that is an example of

a child who is neutral engaged

What is engaged?

the engaged child will follow the sequence or routine of play, imitate motions, and initiate play activity

The different types of play depend on the age and level of function of the child.

true