Health and Fitness Metrics

These flashcards summarize key concepts related to heart rate, body mass index, blood pressure, and diabetes metrics along with their diagnostic criteria.

Pulse/Heart Rate

The number of heartbeats per minute; normal range for adults is 60-100 bpm.

Bradycardia

Heart rate less than 60 bpm.

Tachycardia

Heart rate greater than 100 bpm.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure of body mass calculated using weight and height, not distinguishing between fat, muscle, or bone mass.

BMI Formula (Metric)

BMI = weight (kg) / (height (m))^2.

BMI Formula (Imperial)

BMI = 703 x weight (lbs) / (height (in))^2.

Extreme Obesity

BMI range of 35-39.9.

Obese

BMI of 30 or above.

Overweight

BMI range of 25-30.

Normal BMI

BMI range of 18.5-25.

Underweight

BMI of less than 18.5.

Blood Pressure

The force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the arteries.

Systolic Blood Pressure

Blood pressure when the heart's left ventricle contracts.

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Blood pressure when the heart's ventricle relaxes and fills with blood.

Essential Hypertension

High blood pressure with no identifiable cause, accounts for 90-95% of cases.

Normal Blood Pressure Reading

120/80 mm Hg or lower.

Elevated Blood Pressure Reading

120-129 mm Hg systolic and less than 80 mm Hg diastolic.

High Blood Pressure Stage 1

130-139 mm Hg systolic or 80-89 mm Hg diastolic.

High Blood Pressure Stage 2

140 mm Hg or higher systolic or 90 mm Hg or higher diastolic.

Hypertensive Crisis

Blood pressure higher than 180/120 mm Hg.

Blood Pressure Control (medicated)

Blood pressure less than 130/80 mm Hg is considered controlled for patients on medication.

White Coat Effect

Increased blood pressure in clinical settings due to anxiety about being examined.

DASH Diet

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; emphasizes low sodium and high potassium intake.

Cholesterol Management

Including low saturated fat and high potassium in the diet to manage blood pressure.

Diabetes Diagnostic Criteria (Fasting)

Normal: 70-100 mg/dl, Pre-diabetic: 101-125 mg/dl, Diabetic: 126 mg/dl and above.

Random Blood Sugar Tests for Diabetes

Normal: 70-140 mg/dl, Pre-diabetic: 141-199 mg/dl, Diabetic: 200 mg/dl and above.

Hemoglobin A1c Normal Range

Less than 5.7%.

Hemoglobin A1c Diabetic Range

6.5% or higher.

A1c Goals for Diabetic Patients

A1c less than 7.0%.

Blood Sugar Goals (Before Meal)

80-130 mg/dl for diabetic patients.

Blood Sugar Goals (After Meal)

Less than 180 mg/dl for diabetic patients.

Lifestyle Recommendations for Diabetes

DASH diet, regular physical activity, maintaining healthy weight, stopping smoking and alcohol, and reducing stress.

Preventive Strategies for Hypertension

Weight loss, diet, consistent monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.