AP BIO VOCAB (no help version)

gene (K)

a segment of DNA on a chromosome

allele (P)

an alternative version of a gene that will produce a different phenotype

genetic disorder (E)

an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes

phenotype (L)

an organism’s observable physical or physiological traits

codominance (A)

the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote

karyotype (S)

a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs by their size and shape

law of independent assortment (G)

mendelian principle stating that genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other

recessive allele (H)

an allele whose phenotypic expression is not observed in a heterozygote

genetics (R)

the scientific study of heredity

traits (D)

one (or more) characteristic(s) that an organism can pass on to its offspring

homozygous (B)

having two identical alleles for a given gene

probability (I)

the likelihood that a particular event will occur

meiosis (O)

cell division that occurs in gametes and results in the formation of haploid sex cells after two divisions

Sex-Linked Gene (N)

a gene that is carreid on the X or Y chromosome

law of segregation (C)

mendelian principle stating that the two alleles in a pair are separated into different gametes during meiosis

nondisjunction (J)

an error that can occur during cell division, where homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly

pedigree (M)

a chart or family tree that tracks which members of a family carry a particular trait

mutation (F)

a change in the DNA sequence of a gene

Punnett square (Q)

a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

genotype (T)

an organism’s genetic makeup or allele combinations