1. Alexander II (1855-81)

emancipation date

1861

serfs freed in emancipation

23 million

rights given to serfs from emancipation

property ownership, legal action, marriage

emancipation land market value cost

134%

redemption tax details

49 years, 6% annual interest

political control over peasants

mir

university statute date

1863

adaptation of education

westernised e.g. history + maths

university reaction

1871 - traditional only

censorship reintroduction year

1873

judicial system name

adversarial

trial that shows naivety

trial of 50 and 193 (1877)

zemstva date

1864

zemstvo noble %

74%

military active years change

25-6

cadet school number

15

crimean war date

1854-56

attempted assassination year

1866

phase I of opposition

going to the people - agents of change

phase II of opposition

the people’s will

populist literature example

what is to be done (1863)

when Tsar assassinated

1881

political detention number

150,000 serbia

railways growth 1862-78

x7

what had Alex II opened

pandora’s box

1861 how many revolts

1159

who thinks Alex II made significant change in Russian society

Chicherin

who thinks that emancipation was amazing considering scale

Emmons

who thinks that he just wanted to preserve autocracy

Wood

who thinks that he was naive

Saunders

who thinks he went back and forth

Crankshaw