Life and Energy

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35 Terms

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Alive Checklist
cells, replication, pass on DNA, evolve, acquire and use energy
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Thermodynamics
studies the interaction of energy and matter
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First Law of Thermodynamics
energy is not created nor destroyed; it is transferred
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Spontaneous reaction
A reaction that will proceed without any outside energy
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Non-spontaneous reaction
A reaction that will not occur naturally, needs energy to be put back in
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Equilibrium
a state in which opposing forces are balanced
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Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food (producer)
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Heterotrophs
Organisms that depends on other organisms for their food (consumer)
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Biotic factors
The living parts of an ecosystem (consumers, producers, etc.)
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Abiotic factors
Nonliving parts of an ecosystem (nutrients, water, etc.)
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Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)
Total chemical energy produced in a given area over a time
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Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
Chemical energy used for growth and reproduction. Energy stored inside of the organism's cells
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Trophic Level
Populations that have a similar food source
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Food Chain vs Food Web
Chain is simplified illustrating energy flow and a web is a complex arrangement of food chains
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Amount of energy transferred between trophic levels
10%
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Producer
An organism that makes its own food
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Consumer
An organism that eats other organisms
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Decomposer
Organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter. They release nutrients back into soil and atmosphere
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Rate of Degradation
How quickly a substance will break down
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Factors in Rate of Degradation
Abiotic factors (temperature), quality of detritus (organic matter), abundance and variety of decomposers
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The Nitrogen Cycle
The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere
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The Carbon Cycle
The organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back to the atmosphere
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The Water Cycle
The continuous process by which water moves from Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back
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Importance of Water
Defines environment we life in, many chemical reactions take place in water, results in the formation of cellular structures and tissues
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Hydrogen Bonds
Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom. Leads to high cohesion and adhesion
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Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
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Solvent
The substance in which the solute dissolves
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Solution
A homogeneous mixture
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Hydrophilic
Attracted to water
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Hydrophobic
Aversion to water
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Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
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Adhesion
Attraction between molecules of different substances
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Heat of vaporization
Amount of energy required to evaporate 1g of liquid
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Ecosystem
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
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A disrupted Carbon Cycle leads to
Dramatic changes in global temperature