ch 34

parts of a dental hand instrument

1. shank

2. working end

3. handle

specific parts of a dental hand instrument

1. point

2. nib

3. blade

black’s 3 number formula (#1)

width of the blade

black’s 3 number formula (#2)

length of blade

black’s 3 number formula (#3)

angle of the working end

examination instruments

1. Mouth mirror

2. Explorer

3. Cotton forceps

4. Periodontal probe

different types of mouth mirrors

1. flat mirror

2. concave mirror (magnifies the image)

3. double-sided mirror

indirect vision

use of a mirror to view an object

transillumination

using a mirror to reflect/direct light

different kinds of explorers

1. pig-tail

2. shepherd’s hook

3. orban/right angle

what are hand-cutting instruments used for?

used to plane and cleave (cut) enamel & dentin during a filling prep

what are hand-cutting instruments?

1. enamel hatchet

2. enamel hoe

3. straight chisel

4. wedelstaedt chisel

5. binangle chisel

6. gingival margin trimmer

7. spoon excavator

8. black/black’s spoon excavator

what are restorative instruments used for?

used to condense and contour dental restorative materials intraorally

what are examples of restorative instruments

1. amalgam carrier

2. condenser/plugger

3. burnishers

4. discoid/cleoid

5. hollenback & half-Hollenback carvers

6. composite placement instrument/ plastic

examples of burnishers

1. football burnisher

2. ball burnisher

3. beavertail burnisher

4. acorn burnisher

5. t-ball burnisher

what are examples of accessory instruments

1. dappen dish

2. flexible mixing spatula/cement

3. scissors

4. howe/ 110 pliers

5. articulating paper holder

6. mouth prop / bite block

7. minnesota tongue and cheek retractor

8. amalgam well

9. alignate spatula

what are examples of scissors

1. crown & bridge scissors

2. short blade laboratory scissors

3. tissue scissors

4. suture removal scissors

exam instrument: mouth mirror

used to retract tongue, cheeks, and lips; used for indirect vision, and to reflect light

exam instrument: explorer

a detecting instrument used to explore the hard tissues of the oral cavity to judge overall health. It checks for softer carious tissue, for microfractures, and for open margins around restorations

exam instrument: cotton pliers

used to transfer cotton products (cotton pellets, cotton rolls, 2x2s) from assistant to operator, or from assistant to oral cavity

exam instrument: periodontal probe

used to measure pocket depths in the sulcus; added to Basic setup for exam. appointments

hand cutting instrument: scaler

hygiene instrument used to remove large amounts of deposits (calculus) from supragingival surfaces

what are options of scalers

Curved sickle / straight sickle scaler

hand cutting instrument: curette

hygiene instrument used to scale and remove deposits and stains from subgingival surfaces of teeth

hand cutting instrument: hatchet

hand-cutting instrument that makes grooves in cavity preparations for retention

hand cutting instrument: hoe

hand-cutting instrument used to cut enamel to form/shape cavity prep.; uses a pulling motion/action

hand cutting instrument: chisel

hand-cutting instrument used to cut enamel to form/shape cavity prep.; uses a pushing motion/action

hand cutting instrument: gingival margin trimmer

cuts enamel; used to cut the cavity prep. interproximally; cuts cavity prep. margin at the gumline

hand cutting instrument: spoon excavator

used to scoop out decay / remove carious dentin

hand cutting instrument: black spoon excavator

used for same purpose as spoon excavator

accessory instrument: dappen dish

used to hold dental materials (powder or liquid)

accessory instrument: flexible mixing spatula

used to spatulate (mix and manipulate) dental materials

accessory instrument: amalgam well

triturated amalgam is placed in the well, then ‘scooped’ up with amal. carrier

accessory instrument: scissors

used to precisely cut and trim material, such as Mylar strips and bleaching trays

accessory instrument: articulating paper holder

used to hold and carry articulating paper to the oral cavity; the paper’s color is used to check a patient bite after placing a new restoration

restorative instrument: composite placement instrument/ plastic

used to carry material to the cavity prep.; must be made of plastic or specially treated metal (anodized titanium), because stainless steel instrument will discolor composite

restorative instrument: amalgam carrier

used to carry amalgam from amalgam well to cavity prep

restorative instrument: condenser / plugger / packer

used to pack a restoration into the cavity prep. (amalgam, composite, IRM, etc.)

restorative instrument: cleoid/ discoid

used to carve the occlusal surface of the restoration

restorative instrument: hollenback/ half hollenback

used to carve the restoration interproximally

restorative instrument: beavertail burnisher

used to smooth amalgam after condensing and to perform initial carving of amalgam

restorative instrument: Ball burnisher

used to condense, smooth and burnish a restoration; for contouring a matrix band before placement

restorative instrument: football burnisher

used to condense, smooth and burnish a restoration, and to create anatomy on the occlusal surface; for contouring a matrix band before placement

restorative instrument: acorn burnisher

used to condense, smooth and burnish a restoration, and to create anatomy on the occlusal surface

restorative instrument: t-ball burnisher

used to condense, smooth and burnish a restoration, and to create anatomy on the occlusal surface; for contouring a matrix band before placement