ENG Lesson 11-12: Types of Communication Strategy & Speech

Nomination
Restriction
Turn-Taking
Topic Control
Topic Shifting
Repair
Termination

Types of Communication Stratergy

Nomination

Suggesting a topic

Restriction

Limiting the topic

Turn-taking

Allowing others to talk

Topic-control

Manipulating the topic

Topic shifting

Changing the topic

Repair

Correction by the speaker

Termination

Ending the conversing

1.Self-initiated self-repair
2.Other-initiated self-repair
3.Self-initiated other-repair
4.Other-initiated other-repair

4 Varieties of Repair Sequences

a)Pre-closing
b)Follow up
c)Closing

Forms of Closing

§Be negative
§Body pointing
§Closed questions
§Declare completion
§Phone calls
§Short answers
§Spot a friend
§Procrastinating

Tips on Terminating a Conversation

Informative
Inspirational
Argumentative
Persuasive
Entertaining

Types of Speech

Informative Speech

Aims to teach something new or provide worthwhile information to the audience
Fundamental to all the other types to achieve its purpose

1. Demonstration or Explanation
2. Definition
3. Description

3 Types of Informative Speech

Demonstration or Explanation

Explains how something works, "how to"

Definition

Aims to give the meaning of words

Description

Aims to make the audience imagine
Uses words that appeal to the senses

Inspirational Speech

Aims to motivate or inspire the audience
Pep talks, valedictory speech, homily, etc.

a.Choose an interesting topic for the audience
b.Prioritize quality over quantity
c.Use common terms
d.Use facts and statistics sparingly
e.Stick to your purpose

Tips for an Effective INFORMATIVE Speech

a.Speak from the heart
b.Be the first to believe in your topic
c.Keep the audience's interest at the highest
d.Be your best

Tips for an Effective INSPIRATIONAL Speech

Argumentative Speech

Aims to convert the audience to agree on the speaker's point or side
Centers on controversial issues
Presents evidence to support the claim

a.Appeal to Reason (Logos)
b.Appeal to Emotions (Pathos)
c.Appeal to Character (Ethos)

Types of Appeal in ARGUMENTATIVE Speech

Persuasive Speech

Attempts to influence the audience's belief, attitude and behavior
Makes people apply what they have learned

1)Establish credibility
2)Convey with passion and enthusiasm
3)Choose a doable proposition

Tips in preparing a PERSUASIVE Speech

Entertaining Speech

Intends to make the audience enjoy

1)Open an anecdote
2)Explain the point of the anecdote
3)Beef up your theme with more anecdotes
4)Conclude by restating your central point
5)Finish with a great anecdote

Tips in organizing an ENTERTAINING Speech

Impromptu Speech
Reading from a Manuscript
Memorized Speech
Extemporaneous Speech

Types of Speech According to Delivery

Impromptu Speech

Delivered at the spur of the moment
No planning, not scheduled

Reading from a Manuscript

The speaker reads the written material word for word in front of the audience

Memorized Speech

The entire speech is committed to memory

Extemporaneous Speech

Planned and outlined
Neither memorized, nor read

Visual Aids

Make oral presentations clearer, more concrete, persuasive and more interesting

•Keep it simple
•Make it readable
•Limit the number of slides
•Use color
•Keep it accurate

Tips in preparing VISUAL AIDS