Genetic Mutations Overview

Substitution Mutation

Mutation where one base is replaced by another.

Ionising Radiation

Radiation with enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons.

Chromosome Mutation

Alteration in the structure or number of chromosomes.

Point Mutation

Mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides.

Mutagen

Agent causing genetic mutation.

Aneuploidy

Abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.

Frameshift Mutation

Mutation involving the insertion or deletion of nucleotides.

Non-disjunction

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during cell division.

Karyotype

Complete set of chromosomes in an individual's cells.

Germ-line

Cells that give rise to gametes.

Trisomy

Condition where there is an extra chromosome.

Monosomy

Condition where a chromosome is missing.

Turner's Syndrome

Genetic condition in females with only one X chromosome.

Fragile X Syndrome

Genetic disorder causing intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Klinefelter Syndrome

Genetic condition in males with an extra X chromo.