Studied by 12 people
state
an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government that has control over internal and foreign affairs, occupies defined territory + has a permanent population
microstates
states with very small land areas
sovereignty
state has the supreme authority to govern itself and make decisions within its own borders without interference from other states or international organizations
korea’s deal
divided into 2 by soviet union + US
pro-communist (north)
pro-US (south)
both govts wanna reunite but want to be the one to have sovereignty
china/taiwan’s deal
most countries consider china and taiwan separate states but china says taiwan is part of it
civil war rose between nationalists and communists
nationalists lost and fled to taiwan
taiwan is largest state not in UN
western sahara’s deal
considered to be a sovereign state by most african countries
morocco claims this territory and has built a wall around it to keep out rebels
morocco and the polisario front both control the area
un tried to resolve but failed
nation-state
state who’s territory corresponds to a single ethnicity
examples of nation-states
japan, germany, greece, china, france,
where were states developed
fertile crescent
city-state
a small sovereign state that is made up of a town or city and the surrounding area
city-state examples
vatican, monaco, singapore
self-determination
concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves
multi-ethnic state
a state that has more than one ethnicity (every state is to a degree this)
multinational state
a state that has two or more national groups within its borders, with no single group being dominant in terms of culture, politics, or demographics
multinational state examples
indonesia, nigeria, belgium, afghanistan
colony
territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state
colony examples
bermuda, british virgin islands, cayman islands
religious boundary examples
india/pakistan
ethnic boundary examples
cyprus
geometric boundary examples
us/canada
law of the sea
identifies 3 types of water boundaries:
territorial waters, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone
territorial waters law
up to 12 miles from shore, a state can set laws regulating passage of ships from other states
contiguous zone law
between 12-24 miles from shore, a state can enforce laws concerning pollution, taxes, immigration, and customs
exclusive economic zone law
between 24-200 miles from shore, a state has the sole right to the fish and other marine life
prorupted state
a compact state with a large extension that extends out from one side of the state more than any other part (thailand, myanmar)
why is a state prorupted
access to resources (democratic republic of congo, water), seperate 2 states that would share a boundary (namibia caprivi strip, was part of germany and disrupted communication between the british colonies of southern africa)
perforated state
state that completely surrounds another one
fragmented states
have several discontinuous pieces of territory
landlocked states
lacks a direct outlet to a sea because it’s completely surrounded by several other countries
democracy
country where citizens elect leaders and can run for office
autocracy
a country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people
anocracy
a country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic but displays a mix of the to types
unitary state
most power is in the hands of central government officials
federal state
allocates strong power to units of local government within the country
gerrymandering
redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power
united nations
created at the end of ww2 to maintain peace and security in the world.
league of nations
established after ww1 but wasnt effective
unsc
china, france, russia, uk, us
cold war era military alliances
nato, the warsaw pact,
nato
military alliance among 16 democratic states (US, Canada, 14 european states)
the warsaw pact
a military agreement among communist eastern european countries, disbanded in 1991 following end of communism in eastern europe
cold war era economic alliances
eu, council for mutual economic assistance
eu
designed to heal scars from ww2, main task is to promote development within the member states through economic and political cooperation
council for mutual economic assistance
designed to promote trade and sharing of natural resources in communist eastern europe, disbanded in 91
organization of american states (oas)
all 35 countries in western hemisphere, promotes social, cultural, political, and economic links among member states
au
54 countries in africa, promotes economic integration in africa
commonwealth
uk + 52 countries that were once british colonies, seeks economic and cultural cooperation
how have states in southwest asia provided support for terrorism
providing sanctuary, supplying weapons, money, and intelligence, planning attacks using terrorists
nation
a group of people with a shared culture, language, history, homeland, and self-determination
multistate nation
a nation that has a state of its own, but also resides in other states
multi state nation examples
korea, kurds
stateless nation
a nation that has a history of self-determination but does not have a recognized state
what does a stateless nation lack
control over political boundaries, govt with sovereign rule, control over internal/external affairs, and recognition
examples of statless nation
kurds, palestinians
autonomous region
an area located within a state and has a high degree of freedom/self governance from the state
examples of autonomous region
native american reservations
semi-autonomous region
an area controlled by another state but only has a moderate degree of self-governance (national gov will step in when they need to)
semi-autonomous region examples
hong kong,
colonialism
one nation taking over another nation's land or territory, establishing political and/or economic control over that land, moving their own population into that land, and usually eradicating or forcing out the native populations
imperialism
one nation taking over another nation's land or territory and establishing political and/or economic control over that land and its native population
devolution
transfer of power from national govt to regional govts
balkanization
when a state breaks up into different states
neocolonialism
the use of political, cultural, or economic power to influence/control other countries
decolonization
when colonies become independent of the colonizing country
chokepoint
a strategic narrow route, providing passage through/to another region
shatterbelt
a larger geographic area which is caught between larger external points that are fighting
demarcated boundary
boundary which is marked with a physical structure
antecedent boundary
boundary which existed before human settlement and creation of cultural landscape
relic boundary
boundary that doesnt exist anymore but still has impact on cultural landscape
superimposed boundary
boundary created by a foreign state or group
subsequent boundary
boundary which develops along with the cultural landscape
consequent boundary
boundary created to divide different ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups
definitional boundary dispute
dispute which takes place over the interpretations over original documents that define the boundary
locational boundary dispute
dispute over the location of the boundary and ownership of the land
operational boundary dispute
dispute on how to manage the boundary and handle different issues/situations that occur on the boundary
allocational boundary dispute
dispute which happens over the use of what is in/in the boundary
redistricting
process of redrawing districts after census
cracking
the process of spreading like-minded voters across multiple districts
packing
like-minded voters are all put into the same few districts to reduce impact of their vote in other districts
forces that lead to devolution
physical geography, culture, irredentism
ethnic separatism
when a person/group starts to identify more with their own ethnic group than state
irredentism
movement by a nation to unite other parts of its nation that are located in a different states
Note 
Flashcard (30)