A level media magazine theorists

Barthes - Vogue

Connotations of glamour, femininity, consumerism; signs reinforce beauty ideals.

Barthes- TBI

Subversion of signs - images of homelessness re-coded to show empowerment and agency.

Strauss- Vogue

Oppositions such as ordinary vs glamorous, natural vs artificial, youth vs age reinforce aspirational identity.

Strauss- TBI

Oppositions like housed vs homeless, mainstream vs marginalised challenge stereotypes and encourage social awareness.

Hall (Rep)- Vogue

Women represented as aspirational objects of beauty; aligns with dominant ideologies of consumerism and femininity.

Hall (Rep)- TBI

Vendors represented with dignity and individuality to challenge dominant narratives around homelessness.

Hall (Reception)- Vogue

Dominant reading = aspire
to beauty; oppositional = reject
unrealistic ideals.

Hall (Reception)- TBI

Dominant = empathy
and support; oppositional = scepticism toward homelessness campaigns.

Zoonen- Vogue

Women positioned as commodities; focus on beauty/ appearance reflects patriarchal values.

Zoonen- TBI

Women occasionally shown as activists or vendors-more empowering portrayal, less objectification.

hooks- Vogue

1965 edition lacks diversity; predominantly white beauty standards.

hooks- TBI

More inclusive; represents individuals from varied backgrounds and social realities.

Butler- Vogue

Promotes a performance of femininity based on fashion, beauty rituals, and consumer behaviour.

Butler- tbi

Less rigid gender roles-vendors presented as individuals, not stereotypes.

Neale- Vogue

Uses conventions of lifestyle/fashion magazines but adds difference through unique models, features, and fashion trends.

Neale-tbi

Hybrid genre-mix of activism, journalism, entertainment, street culture.

Gauntlett- vogue

Provides lifestyle guidance and beauty standards that shape female identity.

Gauntlett- tbi

Encourages social responsibility and positions the reader as compassionate and politically aware.

Gilroy- vogue

Largely Eurocentric; whiteness is the beauty norm

Gilroy- tbi

More diverse representation; highlights social inequalities rooted in historical power systems

Curran and Seaton- vogue

Owned by Condé Nast-commercial, profit-driven, promotes consumerism.

Curran and Seaton- tbi

Alternative ownership; aims for social change rather than profit, increasing media diversity.

Hesmondhalgh- vogue

Uses predictable fashion-mag formula to ensure stable sales.

Hesmondhalgh- tbi

Lower-risk content but also politically challenging-mixes familiar magazine conventions with activism to maintain readership.

Bandura- vogue

Could encourage imitation of beauty habits, dieting, consumer behaviour.

Bandura- tbi

Encourages empathy and social action (supporting vendors).

Gerbner- vogue

Repeated exposure cultivates beliefs about femininity, beauty, lifestyle norms.

Gerbner- tbi

Cultivates awareness of poverty and structural inequality.