lec 5 classification

🍷 Primary alcohol (1°) — –OH bonded to 1 other C | Oxidises → Aldehyde → Carboxylic acid | Examples: Methanol

Ethanol

🔄 Secondary alcohol (2°) — –OH bonded to 2 other C | Oxidises → Ketone (stops here) | Examples: Isopropanol

Cyclopentanol

🛑 Tertiary alcohol (3°) — –OH bonded to 3 other C | No oxidation reaction | Example: tert-Butanol

Tertiary (3°) alcohol

1️⃣ Monohydric alcohol — 1 × –OH group · suffix –ol | Example: Ethanol

Monohydric alcohol

2️⃣ Dihydric alcohol — 2 × –OH groups · suffix –diol | Example: Ethylene glycol (Ethane-1

2-diol)

3️⃣ Trihydric alcohol — 3 × –OH groups · suffix –triol | Example: Glycerol (Propane-1

2

⚖️ Same R groups on both sides of O | Example: Diethyl ether (C₂H₅OC₂H₅)

Simple (symmetrical) ether

↔️ Different R groups on either side of O | Example: Ethylmethyl ether (C₂H₅OCH₃)

Mixed (unsymmetrical) ether

🌸 1 × –OH on benzene ring

Monohydric phenol | Example: Phenol

🌸🌸 2 × –OH on benzene ring | Examples: Catechol · Resorcinol · Hydroquinone

Dihydric phenol

🌸🌸🌸 3 × –OH on benzene ring | Examples: Pyrogallol · Phloroglucinol

Trihydric phenol

🍷 R–OH · contains O

Alcohol

🌁 R–O–R' · contains O · two carbon chains linked by O

Ether

🌸 Ar–OH · –OH on aromatic ring

Phenol

✨ R–CHO · carbonyl at chain end

Aldehyde

🔑 R–CO–R' · carbonyl in middle of chain

Ketone

🍋 R–COOH · acidic · carbonyl + hydroxyl

Carboxylic acid

🧴 R–COO–R' · made from acid + alcohol

Ester

💚 R–NH₂ · contains N

Amine

🔵 R–CO–NH₂ · contains N and O

Amide

🧄 R–SH · contains S · smells bad

Thiol

⚡ R–X · X = F · Cl · Br or I

Alkyl halide