Generations of Computers (and types)

What was the evolving hardware that characterized first-generation computers (1940s-1950s)?

Vacuum tubes, a fragile galss

What hardware technology replaced vacuum tubes and defined second-generation computers (1950s-1960s)?

Transistors

One example of high level language

COBOL

The use of transistors in second-generation computers led to a reduction in what three areas compared to first-generation computers?

Dimensions, price and heat

What was the key hardware innovation of third-generation computers (1960s-1970s)?

Integrated Circuits (ICs), also known as silicon chips.

IC

A single IC has many transistors, registers, and capacitors built on one thin slice of silicon.

High level language during third generation:

BASIC

What type of hardware defines fourth-generation computers (1970s-Present)?

Microprocessors

The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all computer components on a single chip, leading to the development of what kind of computers?

Microcomputers

The concept of personal computers (PC) and computer networks came into being during which generation?

Fourtg

What is the core technology basis for fifth-generation computers (Present-Future)?

Ai

AI uses

Human-like reasoning.

What are the fastest and most expensive types of computers, capable of trillions of calculations per second?

Supercomputers

Which type of computer is designed to support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously and is ideal for large organizations like banks?

Mainframes

What is a medium-sized multiprocessing computer that supports 4 to 200 users at one time and is often used for tasks like billing and accounting in departments?

Minicomputer

Which type of computer is a single-user machine designed for technical or scientific applications, featuring a fast microprocessor and large RAM?

Workstation

What type of computer is designed to store and share electronic data and applications, solving many smaller similar problems for users?

Server computer

Which type of computer processes continuously changing data, making it ideal for measuring physical quantities like temperature and pressure?

Analog Computer

Which type of computer performs calculations and logical operations at high speed by processing data using the binary system (0s and 1s)?

Digital computer

What type of computer combines features of both analog and digital computers to process both continuous and discrete data?

Hybrid computer

What are specialized computers that are integrated into other devices, such as appliances or vehicles, called?

Embedded systems