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movement, support, blood cell formation, protection, storage
what are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
long, short, irregular, flat
what are the four classifications of bones?
long
what classification of bone is the femur>
short
what classification of bone is the carpal bones?
irregular
what classification of bone is the vertebrae?
flat
what classification of bone is the sternum?
diaphysis
the long part of the bone, the middle
epiphysis
the ends of the bone
periosteum
the membrane that covers the diaphysis
endosteum
an internal membrane containing osteoblasts and osteoclasts
epiphysis
where is red bone marrow found?
diaphysis/medullary canal
where is yellow marrow found?
epiphyseal line
the remnant of the growth plate
osteon
foundational unit and network of canals in a bone
osteoblast
bone forming cell
osteoclast
bone breaking down cells
PTH/parathyroid hormone
what hormone controls osteoclast activation?
low Ca ions in the blood
what causes osteoclasts to be activated?
have to support the weight of the whole body
why are the bones in our lower limbs larger than in our upper limbs?
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
what is contained in red bone marrow?
blood cell formation
what is hematopoiesis?
closed fracture
bone that breaks, but not through the ski
open fracture
bone that breaks, and breaks through the skin
comminuted
If I jump off a building and shatter my tibia, what type of fracture do I have?
sarcomere
the smallest functional piece of a muscle cell, section of myofibril from z disc to z disc
aerobic respiration
the break down of glucose with the help of oxygen
anaerobic respiration
the break down of glucose without the help of oxygen
acetylcholine
the neurotransmitter in the neuromuscular junction
Sodium Potassium channels
what does acetylcholine open?
action potential
a positive electrical current that travels over the entire sarcolemma
Na, Ca, K
what chemicals are involved in the neuromuscular junction?
synapse
the gap between the sarcolemma and axon terminal
prime mover
the muscle with the main ability to move a limb
synergist
muscle(s) that assist the prime mover
antagonist
muscle(s) that resists the prime mover
deltoid
what muscle is the prime mover in abduction of the arm?
iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
what muscles make up the erector spinae?
isometric
muscle contraction without shortening
isotonic
muscle contraction with shortening
muscle tone
tension in a muscle at rest
muscle strength
muscle’s ability to contract and create force in response to resistance
muscular hypertrophy
increasing muscle size and strength of fibers
muscular atrophy
muscle decreases in size and strength
wearing a cast, disease, wheelchair
what could cause muscular atrophy?
cell
the basic building block of all life
only allows certain things to pass through
what is the purpose of the semi-permeable cell membrane?
cytosol
the fluid within the cytoplasm
nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromatin
what 3 things are in the nucleus?
chromosomes
what does chromatin turn into?
microvilli
these are located in the small intestine and absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
cilia
these occur in large numbers and sweep substances across the cell surface like in the respiratory tract
flagella
long tail which propels the cell
clenas the cell
what does the lysosome do?
nucleolus
where are ribosomes created?
make and store proteins
what does the Rough ER do?
make and store lipids
what does the smooth ER do?
center of cell respiration
why is the mitochondria the “powerhouse of the cell”?
oxygen and glucose
what does a cell need for cellular respiration?
osmosis
the diffusion of water
passive transport
the type of transport where particles move from high to low concentration
burst
what happens to hypotonic cells?
equilibrium
what is occuring in isotonic cells?
shrink
what happens to hypertonic cells?
filtration
what kind of diffusion do the kidneys do?
facilitated diffusion
how sugars diffuse through the cell with the help of proteins
golgi apparatus
what organelle has the function of packaging up vesicles of proteins and lipids for transport?
allows for more chemical reactions
why is increasing surface area in the body important?
epidermis
what is the outer layer of skin?
keratin
what substance hardens our skin and makes it waterproof?
5
how many layers of epidermis are there?
malignant melanoma
what is cancer of the melanocytes called?
melanin
a pigmented protein in our body
epidermis
what layer(s) does a first degree burn affect?
epidermis and dermis
what layer(s) does a 2nd degree burn affect?
3rd degree
what type of burn affects the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis?
protection, excrete waste, slow water loss, regulate body tem
what are the functions of the integumentary system?
axial
the skeleton that includes the middle part of your body, not limbs
appendicular
what skeleton is your limbs?
transverse
the term for a horizontal cut
sagittal
term for a cut down the midline (vertical)
distal
the term meaning farther away from the point of attachment
supine position
what is the anatomical position also called?
posterior
what is the anatomical term for the backside view of the body?
superficial
what word means closest to the surface/outside of the body?
thoracic
what cavity contains the heart and lungs?
Note 
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