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Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to antibodies, antigens, and immune responses.
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Lock-and-Key Model
A model that assumes complementary surfaces between a ligand and a protein are preformed. Proteins have high specificity, only certain ligands bind.
Induced Fit Model
A model that describes how conformational changes occur upon ligand binding, allowing for tighter binding.
Antigen
A substance that stimulates the production of antibodies and is recognized as foreign by the immune system. Antigen binding causes significant structural changes to the antibody.
Antibody
Proteins produced by B cells that specifically bind to antigens.
Epitope
A small region of an antigen that an antibody binds to.
Variable Region
Part of an antibody that undergoes recombination to create variability in antibody response.
Monoclonal Antibody
An antibody made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell.
Memory B-cells
Long-lived B-cells that allow for rapid response to known antigens.
Fab region
The region of an antibody that binds to the specific antigen.
Constant Region
The part of an antibody molecule that remains the same across different molecules and determines the antibody class.
Hybridoma
A cell that is formed from the fusion of a myeloma cell and an antibody-producing lymphocyte.
Signal Transduction
The process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal into a functional response.
How do antibodies bind so many different things?
Two heavy, two light polypeptide chains (can be kappa or gamma). Each chain has variable (V) and constant (C) region. Recombination between clusters of these genes produces different ab’s. Each antibody is highly specific.