NOTE: Unit 1 Biology of Behavior (copy)

A breakdown for the Unit 3 Test for AP Psych

What are the two main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Brain and spinal cord.

What are the two types of cells present in the brain?

Neurons and glial cells.

What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?

Voluntary control of skeletal muscles.

What does the Autonomic Nervous System control?

Involuntary control of glands and internal organs.

What is the role of the Sympathetic Nervous System?

Responds to stressful or dangerous situations.

What does the Parasympathetic Nervous System do?

Responsible for the body's rest and digestion response.

What are nerves made of?

Bundles of axons linking the CNS with sensory receptors, muscles, and glands.

What do sensory neurons do?

Carry incoming information from the body's tissues and sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

What is the function of motor neurons?

Carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.

What are interneurons?

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that process information between sensory inputs and motor outputs.

What is a reflex?

A simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus.

What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?

Receive messages from other cells.

What does the soma (cell body) of a neuron do?

It is the cell's life support center.

What is the function of the axon in a neuron?

Passes messages away from the cell body to terminal branches.

What is the myelin sheath?

Covers the axon and helps speed up neural impulses.

What are axon terminal branches?

Form junctions with dendrites of other neurons.

What do synaptic vesicles store?

Neurotransmitters.

What is grelin and its function?

Hunger-arousing hormone produced by an empty stomach.

What is leptin?

Hunger-repressing hormone secreted by fat cells.

What does norepinephrine do in response to stress?

Produces fight or flight response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar.

What hormone is produced by the adrenal glands during stress?

Adrenaline (epinephrine).

What neurotransmitter is involved in muscle activation and memory?

Acetylcholine (ACh).

What is the impact of oversupply of endorphins?

Reduces pain.

What is the role of oxytocin?

Involved in social bonding, sexual reproduction, and childbirth.

What does dopamine regulate?

Reward, motivation, pleasure, motor control, and cognitive function.

What does serotonin help regulate?

Mood, appetite, and sleep.

What is melatonin's role in the body?

Regulates the sleep-wake cycle.

What is GABA?

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain that helps calm the nervous system.

What is the DSM 5 criteria for Substance Use Disorder?

Continued drug use despite significant life disruption and craving of the substance.

What are depressants?

Drugs that calm neural activity and slow body functions.

What are stimulants?

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

What are hallucinogens?

Drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

What is the circadian rhythm?

A 24-hour cycle of bodily rhythms based on the sun and moon.