Chapter 6 - Pedigree

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What are the constraints on studying human genetics?

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21 Terms

1

What are the constraints on studying human genetics?

controlled mating isn't possible, long generation time, and small family size

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2

Pedigree

pictorial representation of a family history that outlines the inheritance of one or more characteristics

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3

Proband

the person for whom the pedigree is initiated

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4

Characteristics of autosomal recessive traits

appear equally among the sexes, both sexes can transmit the trait to their offspring, skips generations, affected offspring are usually born to unaffected parents

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5

What makes autosomal recessive traits appear more frequently

incest

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6

When both parents are heterozygous, autosomal recessive traits affect what proportion of their offspring?

1/4

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7

Characteristics of autosomal dominant traits

affect both sexes equally, both sexes can transmit the trait to their offspring, doesn't skip generations, affected offspring must have an affected parent, unaffected parents do not transmit the trait

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8

When one parent is heterozygous for an autosomal dominant trait and the other is unaffected, what proportion of the offspring will be affected?

half

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9

Characteristics of X-linked recessive traits

usually more males than females affected, skips generations, never passed from father to son

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10

How do x-linked recessive traits transmit from father to daughter?

all daughters of affected fathers are carriers

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11

How do x-linked recessive traits transmit from mother to son?

affected sons are usually born to unaffected mothers, half of a carrier mother's sons are affected

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12

How do x-linked recessive traits transmit from father to son?

they don't

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13

How can a woman be affected by an x-linked recessive trait?

her father has to be affected and her mother must be either a carrier or affected

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14

Characteristics of X-linked dominant traits

affects more females than males, doesn't skip generations

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15

How do x-linked dominant traits pass to daughters?

daughters must have either an affected father or an affected mother

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16

How do x-linked dominant traits pass to sons?

affected sons must have an affected mother

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17

Characteristics of y-linked traits

only males affected, passed from father to all sons, doesn't skip generations

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18

Amniocentesis

using an ultrasound and a needle, amniotic fluid is collected. Fetal cells are isolated and expanded. Tests can then be performed on the cultured cells.

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19

When can amniocentesis be performed?

15-20 weeks into pregnancy

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20

Chorionic villus sampling

a catheter is inserted into the outer layer of the placenta to get chorion cells which can be tested without culturing

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21

pros and cons of chorionic villus sampling

can be done early in pregnancy but can cause placental abruption

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